Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

3. Energy & Cell Processes

Cell Cycle Regulation

Anatomy & Physiology

3. Energy & Cell Processes

Cell Cycle Regulation

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3:11 minutes

Problem 3

Textbook Question

Progression through the cell cycle is regulated by oscillations in theconcentration of which type of molecule?a. p53, Rb, and other tumor suppressorsb. receptor tyrosine kinasesc. cyclinsd. cyclin-dependent kinases

Verified step by step guidance

Understand that the cell cycle is a series of phases that cells go through as they grow and divide.

Recognize that the progression through the cell cycle is tightly regulated to ensure proper cell division.

Identify that specific molecules are responsible for regulating the cell cycle by oscillating in concentration.

Recall that cyclins are proteins whose concentrations vary cyclically during the cell cycle, activating cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) at specific points.

Conclude that the correct answer is the type of molecule that oscillates in concentration to regulate the cell cycle, which is cyclins.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Cell Cycle Regulation

The cell cycle is a series of phases that a cell goes through to divide and replicate. Regulation of this cycle is crucial for proper cell function and involves various proteins that ensure the cell only progresses to the next phase when conditions are favorable. Disruptions in this regulation can lead to uncontrolled cell growth, which is a hallmark of cancer.

Cyclins

Cyclins are a family of proteins that play a key role in regulating the cell cycle. Their concentrations fluctuate throughout the cycle, activating cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) when they reach specific levels. This activation is essential for the transition between different phases of the cell cycle, such as from G1 to S phase, ensuring that the cell is ready for DNA replication.

Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs)

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are enzymes that, when activated by binding to cyclins, phosphorylate target proteins to drive the cell cycle forward. The activity of CDKs is tightly regulated by the availability of cyclins and other inhibitors, ensuring that the cell cycle progresses in a controlled manner. This regulation is critical for maintaining genomic integrity and preventing tumorigenesis.

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Related Practice

Multiple Choice

The M phase checkpoint ensures that all chromosomes are attached to the mitotic spindle. If this does not happen, cells would most likely be arrested in ________.

a) Telophase.

b) Prophase.

c) G2.

d) Metaphase.

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