Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Acids and Bases

Anatomy & Physiology

2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Acids and Bases

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3:17 minutes

Problem 12

Textbook Question

A(n)is a solute that dissociates to release hydrogen ions, and a(n)_is a solute that removes hydrogen ions from solution.
(a) base, acid
(b) salt, base
(c) acid, salt
(d) acid, base

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the concept of acids and bases. Acids are substances that release hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water, increasing the concentration of H⁺ in the solution. Bases, on the other hand, are substances that remove hydrogen ions from the solution, often by releasing hydroxide ions (OH⁻) that combine with H⁺ to form water.

Step 2: Analyze the question. The problem asks for the correct pairing of terms to describe a solute that releases hydrogen ions and a solute that removes hydrogen ions from the solution.

Step 3: Review the answer choices provided: (a) base, acid; (b) salt, base; (c) acid, salt; (d) acid, base. Compare each option to the definitions of acids and bases.

Step 4: Eliminate incorrect options. For example, a salt does not release hydrogen ions or remove them from the solution, so options (b) and (c) can be ruled out.

Step 5: Select the correct pairing based on the definitions. The solute that releases hydrogen ions is an acid, and the solute that removes hydrogen ions is a base. This matches option (d).

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Acid

An acid is a substance that, when dissolved in water, increases the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+). This characteristic allows acids to donate protons in chemical reactions, which is a fundamental property in acid-base chemistry. Common examples include hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4).

Base

A base is a substance that can accept hydrogen ions or donate hydroxide ions (OH-) in a solution. Bases reduce the concentration of hydrogen ions, effectively neutralizing acids. Common examples include sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ammonia (NH3). Understanding the behavior of bases is crucial for grasping acid-base reactions.

Salt

A salt is an ionic compound formed from the neutralization reaction between an acid and a base. Salts consist of cations from the base and anions from the acid. While salts do not directly release or remove hydrogen ions, they can influence the pH of a solution depending on their constituent ions, making them relevant in acid-base chemistry.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Alkaline substances include which of the following?

a. Gastric juice

b. Water

c. Blood

d. Lemon juice

e. Ammonia

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Textbook Question

Define pH. The pH range of blood is from 7.35 to 7.45. Circle the correct answer to complete the sentence: This is slightly (acidic / basic).

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Textbook Question

Mrs. Roberts, who is in a diabetic coma, has just been admitted to Noble Hospital. Her blood pH indicates that she is in severe acidosis (blood pH in the acid range), and the medical staff quickly institute measures to bring her blood pH back within normal limits. Note the normal pH of blood, and discuss why severe acidosis is a problem.

Textbook Question

A pH of 7.8 in the human body typifies a condition referred to as

(a) Acidosis

(b) Alkalosis

(d) Homeostasis

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Textbook Question

What is a salt? How does a salt differ from an acid or a base?

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Textbook Question

An important buffer system in the human body involves carbon dioxide (CO₂) and bicarbonate ion (HCO₃^-) in the reversible reaction

CO₂ + H₂O ⇌ H₂CO₃ ⇌ H⁺ + HCO₃^-