Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

19. The Blood Vessels

Introduction to Hemodynamics

Anatomy & Physiology

19. The Blood Vessels

Introduction to Hemodynamics

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2:07 minutes

Problem 20

Textbook Question

Write an equation showing the relationship between total peripheral resistance, blood flow, and blood pressure.

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the relationship between blood flow, blood pressure, and total peripheral resistance. Blood flow is directly proportional to the pressure difference and inversely proportional to resistance.

Recall the formula that represents this relationship: Blood Flow (Q) = Pressure Difference (ΔP) / Total Peripheral Resistance (R).

Rearrange the formula to express blood pressure (ΔP) in terms of blood flow (Q) and resistance (R): ΔP = Q × R.

Use MathML to represent the equation:

ΔP = Q \times R

Understand that this equation is fundamental in cardiovascular physiology, as it explains how changes in resistance or flow affect blood pressure.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR)

Total Peripheral Resistance refers to the resistance to blood flow offered by all of the systemic vasculature, excluding the pulmonary circulation. It is influenced by the diameter of blood vessels, blood viscosity, and the overall length of the vascular system. TPR is a critical factor in determining blood pressure and is often used in cardiovascular physiology to assess vascular health.

Blood Flow

Blood Flow is the volume of blood that circulates through the cardiovascular system in a given period, typically measured in liters per minute. It is influenced by the pressure gradient between different parts of the circulatory system and the resistance encountered along the way. Understanding blood flow is essential for analyzing how effectively oxygen and nutrients are delivered to tissues.

Blood Pressure

Blood Pressure is the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels, typically measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). It is a vital sign that reflects the health of the cardiovascular system and is influenced by cardiac output and total peripheral resistance. The relationship between blood pressure, blood flow, and resistance is encapsulated in the equation: Blood Pressure = Cardiac Output x Total Peripheral Resistance.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

The hydrostatic pressure gradient drives water _____ capillaries, and the colloid osmotic pressure draws water ____ capillaries.

a. out of; out of

b. out of; into

c. into; out of

d. into; into

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Textbook Question

Tracing the blood from the heart to the right hand, we find that blood leaves the heart and passes through the aorta, the right subclavian artery, the axillary and brachial arteries, and through either the radial or ulnar artery to arrive at the hand. Which artery is missing from this sequence?

a. Coronary

b. Brachiocephalic

c. Cephalic

d. Right common carotid

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following would decrease total peripheral resistance to blood flow?

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following will cause an increase in peripheral resistance?

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Multiple Choice

Arteries tend to have thicker walls than veins. Which of the following is a reason for this?

The pressure at point A in the circulatory system is 15 mm Hg, & the pressure at point B is 8 mm Hg. Blood is flowing from point A to point B, then a physiological change causes the pressure at point B to increase to 10 mm Hg. What will happen to the rate of blood flow?

Which of the following physiological changes would likely occur in someone’s blood vessels when they begin an intense exercise session?

Assuming each of these blood vessels have the same difference in pressure along their length, which would have the lowest resistance and therefore, the greatest rate of blood flow?

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