Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Covalent Bonds

Anatomy & Physiology

2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Covalent Bonds

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1:58 minutes

Problem 1

Textbook Question

Which of the following occurs when a covalent bond forms?a. Electrons in valence shells are transferred from one atom to another.b. Electrons in valence shells are shared between atoms.c. Partial charges on polar molecules interact.d. Nonpolar molecules are pushed together.by surrounding water molecules.

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the type of bond being discussed in the problem, which is a covalent bond.

Recall the definition of a covalent bond: it involves the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Consider each option provided in the problem and determine which one aligns with the definition of a covalent bond.

Option a describes electron transfer, which is characteristic of ionic bonds, not covalent bonds.

Option b describes the sharing of electrons, which matches the definition of a covalent bond.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Covalent Bonding

Covalent bonding occurs when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons in their outermost shells, known as valence shells. This sharing allows each atom to attain a more stable electronic configuration, often resembling that of noble gases. Covalent bonds can be single, double, or triple, depending on the number of shared electron pairs.

Valence Electrons

Valence electrons are the electrons located in the outermost shell of an atom and are crucial for chemical bonding. The number of valence electrons determines how an atom interacts with others, including whether it will form covalent bonds by sharing electrons or ionic bonds by transferring electrons. Understanding valence electrons is essential for predicting the behavior of elements in chemical reactions.

Polar and Nonpolar Molecules

Molecules can be classified as polar or nonpolar based on the distribution of electrical charge. Polar molecules have an uneven distribution of charge, leading to partial positive and negative charges, while nonpolar molecules have an even distribution. This distinction is important in understanding interactions between molecules, such as how polar molecules interact with water and how nonpolar molecules behave in aqueous environments.