Textbook Question
Complement activation
(a) Stimulates inflammation
(b) Attracts phagocytes
(c) Enhances phagocytosis
(d) Achieves a, b, and c
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21. The Immune System
First-Line Defenses: Chemical Barriers
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Which type of molecule is produced by virus-infected cells to communicate to noninfected cells the presence of a virus?
A
interferon
B
interleukin
C
antigen
D
pyrogen
E
complement
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the context: When a cell is infected by a virus, it needs to alert neighboring cells to prepare defenses against the viral threat.
Identify the function of each molecule option: Interferons are proteins that are produced by virus-infected cells to signal neighboring cells to increase their antiviral defenses.
Differentiate between the options: Interleukins are involved in communication between white blood cells, antigens are substances that provoke an immune response, pyrogens cause fever, and complements are part of the immune system that enhances the ability to clear pathogens.
Focus on the role of interferons: They are specifically known for their role in antiviral defense, making them the correct choice for signaling the presence of a virus.
Conclude that interferons are the molecules produced by virus-infected cells to communicate the presence of a virus to noninfected cells.
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