Understand the structure and function of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine.
Identify the components of the nephron in the order that filtrate passes through them: Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct.
Recognize that the process begins at Bowman's capsule, where blood filtration occurs, and the filtrate is collected.
Follow the path of the filtrate as it moves to the proximal convoluted tubule, where reabsorption of water, ions, and nutrients occurs.
Continue tracing the flow through the loop of Henle, which concentrates the urine, then to the distal convoluted tubule for further reabsorption and secretion, and finally to the collecting duct, where the final concentration of urine is determined before it is excreted.