Multiple Choice
The tRNA shown in the figure has its 3′ end projecting beyond its 5′ end. Which of the following processes will occur at this 3′ end?
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3. Energy & Cell Processes
Introduction to Translation
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Many antibiotics work by blocking the function of ribosomes. Therefore, these antibiotics will:
A
Block DNA synthesis in eukaryotic cells.
B
Block protein synthesis in prokaryotes.
C
Block RNA synthesis in prokaryotes.
D
Block viral DNA in prokaryotes.
E
Block protein synthesis in eukaryotes.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the role of ribosomes: Ribosomes are cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis. They translate messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains, which then fold into functional proteins.
Identify the target of antibiotics: Many antibiotics specifically target ribosomes in prokaryotic cells, which include bacteria. This is because the ribosomal structure in prokaryotes is different from that in eukaryotes, allowing selective inhibition.
Consider the effect of blocking ribosomes: Blocking ribosome function directly impacts protein synthesis, as ribosomes are essential for translating mRNA into proteins.
Differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells: Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, have ribosomes that are distinct from those in eukaryotic cells, which include human cells. Antibiotics that target prokaryotic ribosomes do not affect eukaryotic ribosomes.
Conclude the specific action of antibiotics: Given that the antibiotics block ribosome function, they will block protein synthesis in prokaryotes, as ribosomes are crucial for this process.
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