Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

13. The Peripheral Nervous System

Introduction to Sensory Receptors

Anatomy & Physiology

13. The Peripheral Nervous System

Introduction to Sensory Receptors

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Problem 15

Textbook Question

The cell bodies of upper motor neurons reside in the and function to , whereas the cell bodies of lower motor neurons reside in the and function to .

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the distinction between upper motor neurons and lower motor neurons. Upper motor neurons are part of the central nervous system (CNS), while lower motor neurons are part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Step 2: Identify the location of the cell bodies of upper motor neurons. These are found in the motor cortex of the brain, specifically in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe.

Step 3: Determine the function of upper motor neurons. They are responsible for initiating and controlling voluntary movements by sending signals to lower motor neurons.

Step 4: Identify the location of the cell bodies of lower motor neurons. These are found in the anterior horn of the spinal cord or in cranial nerve nuclei within the brainstem.

Step 5: Determine the function of lower motor neurons. They directly innervate skeletal muscles and are responsible for executing the movement commands received from upper motor neurons.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Upper Motor Neurons

Upper motor neurons are located in the brain, primarily in the motor cortex, and are responsible for initiating and controlling voluntary movements. They send signals down the spinal cord to lower motor neurons, facilitating communication between the brain and the muscles. Dysfunction in upper motor neurons can lead to conditions such as spasticity and weakness.

Lower Motor Neurons

Lower motor neurons are found in the spinal cord and brainstem, where they directly innervate skeletal muscles. They receive signals from upper motor neurons and transmit these signals to muscles, resulting in contraction and movement. Damage to lower motor neurons can lead to muscle atrophy and flaccid paralysis.

Motor Pathways

Motor pathways consist of the neural circuits that connect upper and lower motor neurons, facilitating the transmission of motor commands from the brain to the muscles. These pathways include the corticospinal tract for voluntary movements and other pathways for reflex actions. Understanding these pathways is crucial for diagnosing and treating motor disorders.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Which of the following is true of the autonomic, but not the somatic, nervous system?

a. Neurotransmitter is acetylcholine

b. Axons are myelinated

c. Effectors are muscle cells

d. It has motor neurons located in ganglia

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Textbook Question

What are the major components of the peripheral nervous system?

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Multiple Choice

Owen is a grad student who does research on sensory receptors. When classifying receptors, he organizes them based on if respond to external or internal stimuli. Owen is classifying receptors by:

Which parts of the body have the greatest amount of space dedicated to them in the primary somatosensory cortex? Why?

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Multiple Choice

A nerve that carries autonomic signals away from the central nervous system is classified as a __________.

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