Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding protein structure?
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2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components
Proteins
2:28 minutesProblem 21
Textbook Question
Differentiate clearly between primary, secondary, and tertiary protein structure.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that proteins are made up of amino acids linked together in a specific sequence, and their structure is organized into four levels: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. This question focuses on the first three levels.
Define the primary structure: The primary structure of a protein is the linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. This sequence is determined by the genetic code and is held together by peptide bonds (covalent bonds between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of the next).
Explain the secondary structure: The secondary structure refers to the local folding of the polypeptide chain into regular structures such as alpha-helices and beta-pleated sheets. These structures are stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the backbone atoms (specifically, the carbonyl oxygen and the amide hydrogen).
Describe the tertiary structure: The tertiary structure is the three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide chain. It is formed by the interactions between the side chains (R groups) of the amino acids, including hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and disulfide bridges (covalent bonds between cysteine residues).
Summarize the differences: The primary structure is the amino acid sequence, the secondary structure involves local folding patterns like alpha-helices and beta-sheets, and the tertiary structure is the overall 3D shape of the protein due to side chain interactions. Each level builds upon the previous one to create the functional protein.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Primary Protein Structure
The primary protein structure refers to the unique sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. This sequence is determined by the genetic code and dictates how the protein will fold and function. Any alteration in this sequence can lead to significant changes in the protein's properties and biological activity.
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Secondary Protein Structure
Secondary protein structure involves the local folding of the polypeptide chain into specific shapes, primarily alpha helices and beta sheets, stabilized by hydrogen bonds. These structures are crucial for the overall stability and functionality of the protein, as they contribute to the protein's three-dimensional conformation.
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Tertiary Protein Structure
Tertiary protein structure refers to the overall three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide chain, formed by the interactions between the side chains of the amino acids. This structure is stabilized by various interactions, including hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonds, and disulfide bridges, and is essential for the protein's biological activity and function.
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