Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology

Introduction to Directional Terms

Anatomy & Physiology

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology

Introduction to Directional Terms

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2:31 minutes

Problem 17

Textbook Question

Mr. Garcia is behaving abnormally, and doctors strongly suspect he has a brain tumor. Which medical imaging device—conventional X-ray, CT, PET, ultrasound, or fMRI—would be best for precisely locating a tumor within the brain? Explain your choice.

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Begin by understanding the purpose of the problem, which is to identify the most suitable medical imaging device for precisely locating a brain tumor. Consider the strengths and limitations of each imaging modality mentioned: conventional X-ray, CT, PET, ultrasound, and fMRI.

Step 2: Evaluate conventional X-ray imaging. X-rays are excellent for visualizing dense structures like bones but are not ideal for soft tissue differentiation, such as brain tumors. Therefore, this option is less suitable for the given scenario.

Step 3: Assess CT (Computed Tomography) scans. CT imaging uses X-rays to create detailed cross-sectional images of the body, including soft tissues. It is effective for detecting abnormalities like tumors and provides precise anatomical localization, making it a strong candidate for this case.

Step 4: Consider PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scans. PET imaging is useful for assessing metabolic activity and function, which can help identify active tumor cells. However, it is less precise for anatomical localization compared to CT or fMRI, so it may be used in conjunction with other imaging techniques.

Step 5: Evaluate fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging). fMRI is excellent for mapping brain activity and detecting functional changes, but it is not primarily designed for anatomical tumor localization. Ultrasound is generally not used for brain imaging due to the skull's interference with sound waves. Based on this analysis, CT imaging is likely the best choice for precisely locating a brain tumor.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Medical Imaging Techniques

Medical imaging techniques are essential tools used to visualize the internal structures of the body. They include various modalities such as X-rays, CT scans, PET scans, ultrasounds, and fMRI. Each technique has its strengths and weaknesses, making them suitable for different diagnostic purposes, particularly in identifying abnormalities like tumors.

CT Scan (Computed Tomography)

A CT scan uses X-ray technology to create detailed cross-sectional images of the body, including the brain. It is particularly effective for detecting tumors due to its ability to provide high-resolution images and differentiate between various types of tissues. This makes it a preferred choice for initial assessments of suspected brain tumors.

fMRI (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

fMRI is a specialized type of MRI that measures brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow. While it is excellent for understanding brain function and mapping active areas, it is less effective for locating tumors compared to CT scans. Thus, while fMRI provides valuable information about brain activity, it is not the best choice for tumor localization.

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Textbook Question

Match each anatomical region shown in the image with the anatomical term that describes it.

_____3. Gluteal

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On what body surface is each of the following located: nose, calf of leg, ears, umbilicus, fingernails?

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Textbook Question

A nurse informed John that she was about to take blood from his antecubital region. What part of his body was she referring to? Later, she came back and said that she was going to give him an antibiotic shot in the deltoid region. Where on his body did he get the shot? Before John left the office, the nurse noticed that his left sural region was badly bruised. What part of his body was black and blue?

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Textbook Question

Jennifer fell off her motorcycle and tore a nerve in her axillary region. She also tore ligaments in her cervical and scapular regions and broke the only bone of her right brachial region. Explain where each of her injuries is located.

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Textbook Question

Which sectional plane could divide the body so that the face remains intact?

(a) Sagittal plane

(b) Frontal (coronal) plane

(d) Midsagittal plane

(e) Parasagittal plane

Textbook Question

Label the directional terms in the figures below.

a. ____

b. ____

c. ____