Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue

Microscopic Anatomy of Bones - Bone Cells

Anatomy & Physiology

6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue

Microscopic Anatomy of Bones - Bone Cells

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2:13 minutes

Problem 23

Textbook Question

Ryan, a 6-year-old child who is allergic to milk, has extremely bowed legs. What condition do you suspect, and what is the connection to not drinking milk?

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the structure of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which is composed of four main layers. These layers are arranged in a specific order from the outermost to the innermost layer.

Recall the names and functions of the layers: (1) Serosa is the outermost layer that provides protection and reduces friction, (2) Muscularis externa is responsible for peristalsis and segmentation, (3) Submucosa contains blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue, and (4) Mucosa is the innermost layer involved in secretion and absorption.

Identify the correct arrangement of the layers from the outermost to the innermost. The sequence is: Serosa → Muscularis externa → Submucosa → Mucosa.

Visualize the anatomical organization of the GI tract layers to reinforce understanding. The Serosa is closest to the external environment, while the Mucosa lines the lumen of the GI tract.

Apply this knowledge to similar problems or diagrams to ensure mastery of the concept of GI tract layer arrangement.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Layers of the GI Tract

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is composed of four primary layers: the serosa, muscularis externa, submucosa, and mucosa. Each layer has distinct functions, with the serosa serving as the outer protective layer, the muscularis externa facilitating movement through muscle contractions, the submucosa providing structural support and containing blood vessels, and the mucosa being the innermost layer that interacts with the lumen and absorbs nutrients.

Anatomical Arrangement

Understanding the anatomical arrangement of the GI tract layers is crucial for comprehending their roles in digestion and absorption. The correct order from outermost to innermost is serosa, muscularis externa, submucosa, and mucosa. This arrangement reflects how each layer contributes to the overall function of the GI tract, with the outer layers providing protection and structural integrity, while the inner layers are involved in nutrient absorption.

Function of Each Layer

Each layer of the GI tract has specific functions that are vital for digestion. The serosa protects and anchors the GI tract, the muscularis externa is responsible for peristalsis and segmentation movements, the submucosa contains nerves and blood vessels that support the mucosa, and the mucosa is involved in secretion and absorption of nutrients. Understanding these functions helps in grasping how the GI tract operates as a whole.

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