Textbook Question
The structure(s) that divide the nasal cavity into right and left sides is/are the:
a. Nasal bones
b. Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
c. Vomer
d. Both a and b are correct
e. Both b and c are correct
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7. The Skeletal System
The Skull
2:25 minutesProblem 12
Textbook Question
Name the cranial and facial bones and compare and contrast the functions of the cranial and facial skeletons.
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the cranial bones: The cranial bones include the frontal bone, parietal bones (2), temporal bones (2), occipital bone, sphenoid bone, and ethmoid bone. These bones form the cranium, which encases and protects the brain.
Identify the facial bones: The facial bones include the maxillae (2), palatine bones (2), zygomatic bones (2), nasal bones (2), lacrimal bones (2), inferior nasal conchae (2), vomer, and mandible. These bones form the structure of the face and support the openings for the respiratory and digestive systems.
Compare the functions of the cranial skeleton: The cranial skeleton primarily functions to protect the brain, house the structures of the inner and middle ear, and provide attachment points for muscles involved in head movement and mastication.
Compare the functions of the facial skeleton: The facial skeleton provides the framework for the face, supports the teeth, forms the nasal cavity and orbits, and serves as attachment points for muscles involved in facial expression, chewing, and speech.
Contrast the cranial and facial skeletons: While the cranial skeleton is primarily focused on protecting the brain and sensory organs, the facial skeleton is more involved in forming the structure of the face and facilitating functions like breathing, eating, and communication.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Cranial Bones
Cranial bones are the eight bones that form the protective case around the brain, known as the cranium. These include the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones. Their primary function is to encase and protect the brain, as well as to provide attachment points for muscles that move the head.
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Facial Bones
Facial bones consist of 14 bones that form the structure of the face, including the maxilla, mandible, zygomatic, nasal, and palatine bones. These bones support the facial structure, house the teeth, and provide cavities for the eyes and nasal passages. They also play a crucial role in functions such as chewing, breathing, and facial expression.
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Comparison of Functions
The cranial and facial skeletons serve distinct yet complementary functions. The cranial skeleton primarily protects the brain and supports sensory organs, while the facial skeleton provides structure for the face, facilitates mastication, and aids in communication through expressions. Understanding these differences highlights the specialized roles each set of bones plays in human anatomy.
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