Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

4. Tissues & Histology

Introduction to Muscle Tissue

Anatomy & Physiology

4. Tissues & Histology

Introduction to Muscle Tissue

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1:57 minutes

Problem 7

Textbook Question

Name the two major components of the extracellular matrix and, if applicable, subclasses of each component.

Verified step by step guidance

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of two major components: the ground substance and protein fibers. Begin by understanding the role of each component in providing structural and functional support to tissues.

Ground substance is the amorphous, gel-like material that fills the spaces between cells and fibers in the ECM. It is primarily composed of water, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), proteoglycans, and glycoproteins. Learn about how these molecules contribute to hydration, nutrient diffusion, and resistance to compression.

Protein fibers are the structural components of the ECM that provide strength, elasticity, and support. The three main subclasses of protein fibers are collagen fibers (for tensile strength), elastic fibers (for elasticity), and reticular fibers (for support and framework). Study the specific roles and characteristics of each type of fiber.

Understand how the ground substance and protein fibers work together to maintain tissue integrity, facilitate cell communication, and support cellular functions.

Review examples of tissues with varying ECM compositions, such as connective tissue, cartilage, and bone, to see how the proportions of ground substance and protein fibers adapt to specific functional needs.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex network of proteins and carbohydrates that provides structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells. It plays a crucial role in tissue and organ function, influencing cell behavior, migration, and differentiation. Understanding the ECM is essential for studying tissue engineering, wound healing, and various diseases.

Fibrous Proteins

Fibrous proteins are one of the major components of the ECM, primarily providing structural support. Key examples include collagen and elastin, which contribute to the tensile strength and elasticity of tissues. Collagen, in particular, has several subclasses (e.g., Type I, Type II) that are specific to different tissues, such as skin, cartilage, and bone.

Ground Substance

Ground substance is the other major component of the ECM, consisting of a gel-like material that fills the space between cells and fibers. It is composed of water, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans, which help to retain moisture and provide a medium for nutrient and waste exchange. The composition of ground substance can vary significantly between different tissues, influencing their mechanical properties.