Textbook Question
Describe the body location of each of the following endocrine organs: anterior pituitary, pineal gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, and adrenal glands.
List the hormones produced by each organ.
330
views
16. The Endocrine System
Hormone Review Table
2:20 minutesProblem 14
Textbook Question
Name a hormone secreted by a muscle cell and two hormones secreted by neurons.
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the context of the question. Muscle cells and neurons are specialized cells that can secrete hormones. Hormones are chemical messengers that regulate physiological processes in the body.
Step 2: Identify a hormone secreted by muscle cells. Muscle cells, specifically cardiac muscle cells, secrete a hormone called atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). ANP helps regulate blood pressure and fluid balance.
Step 3: Recognize that neurons can also secrete hormones. Neurons in the hypothalamus secrete hormones that regulate the pituitary gland. For example, oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH, also known as vasopressin) are secreted by neurons in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary for release.
Step 4: Note the distinction between muscle cell hormones and neuron hormones. Muscle cell hormones like ANP are involved in cardiovascular regulation, while neuron hormones like oxytocin and ADH are involved in processes such as childbirth, water balance, and social bonding.
Step 5: Summarize the answer. A hormone secreted by muscle cells is atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and two hormones secreted by neurons are oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
Verified video answer for a similar problem:This video solution was recommended by our tutors as helpful for the problem above
Video duration:
2mWas this helpful?
Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Myokines
Myokines are signaling molecules secreted by muscle cells during contraction. They play a crucial role in intercellular communication, influencing metabolism, inflammation, and muscle growth. An example of a myokine is interleukin-6 (IL-6), which can have both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects depending on the context.
Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers released by neurons to transmit signals across synapses to other neurons, muscles, or glands. They are essential for communication within the nervous system. Examples include dopamine, which is involved in reward and motivation, and serotonin, which regulates mood and anxiety.
Recommended video:
2:30
Neurotransmitter Receptors
Hormonal Signaling
Hormonal signaling refers to the process by which hormones are released into the bloodstream and travel to target organs or tissues to elicit specific physiological responses. This system is vital for maintaining homeostasis and regulating various bodily functions, including growth, metabolism, and stress responses.
Recommended video:
Guided course
13:06Review of Major Hormones
13:6mWatch next
Master Review of Major Hormones with a bite sized video explanation from Bruce Bryan
Start learningRelated Videos
Related Practice