Textbook Question
The local control of blood flow due to the action of precapillary sphincters is:
(a) Vasomotion
(b) Autoregulation
(c) Selective resistance
(d) Turbulence
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19. The Blood Vessels
Capillaries
Problem 13
Textbook Question
Which of the following structures is the 'leakiest'?
a. Continuous capillary
b. Sinusoidal capillary
c. Precapillary sphincter
d. Fenestrated capillary
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the types of capillaries: Capillaries are small blood vessels that facilitate the exchange of substances between blood and tissues. There are three main types: continuous, fenestrated, and sinusoidal capillaries, each with varying permeability levels.
Define continuous capillaries: These capillaries have tightly joined endothelial cells with minimal gaps, making them the least permeable. They are found in areas like the brain (blood-brain barrier) and muscles.
Define fenestrated capillaries: These capillaries have small pores (fenestrations) in their endothelial cells, allowing for moderate permeability. They are commonly found in organs involved in filtration, such as the kidneys and intestines.
Define sinusoidal capillaries: These capillaries have large gaps between endothelial cells and an incomplete basement membrane, making them the 'leakiest' type. They are found in organs like the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, where extensive exchange of large molecules and cells occurs.
Clarify the role of precapillary sphincters: These are muscular structures that regulate blood flow into capillary beds but do not directly influence permeability. Therefore, they are not considered 'leaky' structures.
Verified video answer for a similar problem:This video solution was recommended by our tutors as helpful for the problem above
Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Capillary Types
Capillaries are small blood vessels that facilitate the exchange of substances between blood and tissues. There are three main types: continuous, fenestrated, and sinusoidal. Continuous capillaries have tight junctions and are least permeable, fenestrated capillaries have pores for increased permeability, and sinusoidal capillaries have larger openings, allowing for the passage of larger molecules and cells.
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Permeability
Permeability refers to the ability of substances to pass through a barrier, such as the walls of capillaries. Different types of capillaries exhibit varying levels of permeability based on their structural characteristics. Understanding permeability is crucial for determining how easily fluids and solutes can move between the bloodstream and surrounding tissues.
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Sinusoidal Capillaries
Sinusoidal capillaries are specialized blood vessels found in certain organs, such as the liver and spleen. They have a discontinuous endothelium, allowing for the free exchange of larger molecules and even cells between the blood and surrounding tissues. This makes them the 'leakiest' type of capillary, facilitating significant transport of substances.
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