Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of melanocytes in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize melanin to protect against UV radiation.

Question 2

A patient suffers a third-degree burn covering the anterior and posterior surfaces of both legs. Using the rule of nines, what percentage of the body surface area is affected?

Accepted Answer

$$36\%$$

Question 3

Which of the following correctly matches the bone cell with its function?

Accepted Answer

Osteocyte – maintains bone tissue

Question 4

During endochondral ossification, what is the correct sequence of events?

Accepted Answer

Formation of bone collar, cavitation of cartilage, invasion of periosteal bud, formation of secondary ossification centers

Question 5

Which of the following is a structural classification of joints that allows the greatest range of movement?

Accepted Answer

Synovial joint

Question 6

A football player suffers a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Which joint is affected and what is a unique feature of this joint?

Accepted Answer

Knee joint; presence of menisci and cruciate ligaments

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the change in the sarcomere during muscle contraction according to the sliding filament theory?

Accepted Answer

The I band and H zone both decrease in width, while the A band remains constant.

Question 8

Which type of muscle fiber would be most prevalent in the quadriceps of a marathon runner, and why?

Accepted Answer

Slow oxidative fibers; they are resistant to fatigue and efficient at aerobic metabolism.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a component of the osteon in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Trabeculae

Question 10

A patient is unable to abduct their arm at the shoulder. Which type of joint movement is impaired, and which joint is primarily involved?

Accepted Answer

Abduction; shoulder (glenohumeral) joint

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases calcium ions necessary for cross-bridge formation.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct pairing of joint classification and an example found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Diarthrosis – shoulder joint

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the layers of the epidermis is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The stratum basale contains stem cells that divide to produce new keratinocytes.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why elderly individuals are more prone to bone fractures?

Accepted Answer

Decreased bone mass and density due to reduced osteoblast activity and increased osteoclast activity.

Question 15

Which connective tissue layer surrounds an individual muscle fiber?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Question 16

A patient presents with a wound that penetrates the epidermis and reaches the dermis. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Bleeding will occur because the dermis is vascularized.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between membranous and endochondral bones?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral bones develop from cartilage models, while membranous bones develop directly from mesenchyme.

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic unique to cardiac muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Striations and intercalated discs

Question 19

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the application of the sliding filament mechanism in a real-life situation?

Accepted Answer

A person shivering to generate heat during cold weather.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why fast glycolytic muscle fibers fatigue more quickly than slow oxidative fibers during intense exercise?

Accepted Answer

Fast glycolytic fibers rely primarily on anaerobic glycolysis, leading to rapid accumulation of lactic acid.

Anatomy 132: Skin, Skeletal, and Muscular Systems Study Guide

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