Question 1

A patient is experiencing high blood glucose levels. Insulin is released from the pancreas, causing glucose to move into muscle and fat cells, lowering blood glucose. Which physiological principle does this scenario best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the structure of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It is made of phospholipids with polar heads and nonpolar fatty acid tails.

Question 3

Which of the following molecules is most likely to be hydrophilic and ionic?

Accepted Answer

NaCl

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific to certain reactions?

Accepted Answer

The shape of the enzyme's active site only fits specific substrates.

Question 5

A solution contains $$0.1$$ moles of NaCl dissolved in $$1$$ liter of water. What is the molarity of the solution? Use the formula $$M = \frac{	ext{moles of solute}}{	ext{liters of solution}}.$$

Accepted Answer

$$0.1 M$$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of fibroblasts in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

They produce collagen and other fibers for the extracellular matrix.

Question 7

During a catabolic reaction, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

Large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules, releasing energy.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane is selectively permeable?

Accepted Answer

It allows small, nonpolar molecules to pass while restricting large or charged molecules.

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins for export or insertion into membranes.

Question 10

A patient has a genetic mutation that changes the sequence of bases in their DNA. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The structure and function of the resulting protein may be altered.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between an ionic and a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons.

Question 12

Which of the following is a property of water that makes it important for life?

Accepted Answer

It is a universal solvent, allowing many substances to dissolve in it.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

They contain digestive enzymes to break down waste and cellular debris.

Question 14

A scientist is studying the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. She increases the concentration of substrate while keeping enzyme concentration constant. What is the expected effect on the reaction rate?

Accepted Answer

The reaction rate will increase until the enzyme becomes saturated, then level off.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and helps bind cells together.

Question 16

Which of the following is a key difference between epithelial and connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissue has tightly packed cells with little ECM, while connective tissue has fewer cells and abundant ECM.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why a serous membrane is important in the body?

Accepted Answer

It reduces friction between organs by secreting a lubricating fluid.

Question 18

Which of the following is a likely consequence of fibrosis in lung tissue?

Accepted Answer

Loss of function due to decreased elasticity and impaired gas exchange.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of ATP in the cell?

Accepted Answer

It provides energy for cellular processes by releasing a phosphate group.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why carbohydrates are important in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They are involved in cell recognition and communication.

Anatomy & Physiology: Core Concepts and Study Guide

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