Question 1

A patient presents with excessive thirst and urination, but their blood glucose levels are normal. Which endocrine disorder is most likely responsible, and which hormone is deficient?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes Insipidus; Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Question 2

Which of the following correctly describes the negative feedback mechanism regulating thyroid hormone production?

Accepted Answer

High T3/T4 levels inhibit TRH and TSH release

Question 3

A blood sample shows a high percentage of eosinophils. Which condition is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Parasitic infection or allergic reaction

Question 4

During the cardiac cycle, which event immediately follows ventricular ejection?

Accepted Answer

Isovolumetric relaxation

Question 5

A patient with blood type O receives type AB blood. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination due to anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the recipient

Question 6

Which layer of a blood vessel is primarily responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation?

Accepted Answer

Tunica media

Question 7

If the mitral valve fails to close properly during ventricular systole, which heart sound would be affected and what is the likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

S1 (Lub); regurgitation into the left atrium

Question 8

Which hormone is released from the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone; increases sodium reabsorption in kidneys

Question 9

A patient’s ECG shows a prolonged QT interval. Which phase of the cardiac cycle is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Ventricular depolarization and repolarization

Question 10

Which sequence correctly represents the pathway of electrical conduction in the heart?

Accepted Answer

SA Node → AV Node → Bundle of His → Bundle Branches → Purkinje Fibers

Question 11

A patient with hyperparathyroidism is likely to have which abnormality in their blood?

Accepted Answer

High calcium levels

Question 12

Which formula correctly calculates mean arterial pressure (MAP) given systolic ($$S) $$and diastolic ($$D) $$blood pressures?

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = D + \frac{S - D}{3}$$

Question 13

Which hormone stimulates gamete production in both males and females?

Accepted Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 14

During blood clotting, which sequence of events is correct?

Accepted Answer

Injury → Platelet plug → Clotting factors → Prothrombin → Thrombin → Fibrinogen → Fibrin → Stable clot

Question 15

Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary vein

Question 16

A patient with acromegaly has excess secretion of which hormone, and from which gland?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH); anterior pituitary

Question 17

Which heart valve prevents backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium?

Accepted Answer

Mitral (bicuspid) valve

Question 18

Which blood cell type is primarily responsible for producing antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Lymphocytes (B cells)

Question 19

Which structure is part of the Circle of Willis and is crucial for cerebral blood flow?

Accepted Answer

Internal carotid artery

Question 20

If a patient’s blood pressure is measured as 120/80 mmHg, which value represents ventricular contraction and which represents relaxation?

Accepted Answer

120 mmHg = contraction; 80 mmHg = relaxation

Anatomy & Physiology Lab Study Guide: Endocrine, Blood, Heart, and Vessels

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards