Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the pampiniform plexus in the male reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a countercurrent heat exchanger to cool arterial blood entering the testes.

Question 2

During meiosis I in gametogenesis, which process ensures genetic variation among gametes?

Accepted Answer

Synapsis and crossing over between homologous chromosomes

Question 3

A patient presents with a mutation in the SRY gene. Which of the following is the most likely phenotypic outcome?

Accepted Answer

Development of female external genitalia even if the individual is genetically XY

Question 4

Which structure in the female reproductive system is homologous to the male scrotum?

Accepted Answer

Labia majora

Question 5

A 30-year-old male is found to have non-motile sperm in his semen analysis. Which structure is most likely dysfunctional?

Accepted Answer

Epididymis

Question 6

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the Leydig (interstitial) cells to produce testosterone?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 7

During the ovarian cycle, which event marks the transition from the follicular phase to the luteal phase?

Accepted Answer

Ovulation

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why the testes are located outside the abdominal cavity in the scrotum?

Accepted Answer

To maintain a temperature lower than core body temperature, which is optimal for spermatogenesis

Question 9

A woman with Turner syndrome has a karyotype of $$45, X. $$Which of the following is true regarding her genetic makeup?

Accepted Answer

She has one X chromosome and no Barr body.

Question 10

Which phase of the uterine cycle is characterized by the rebuilding of the functional layer of the endometrium under the influence of estrogen?

Accepted Answer

Proliferative phase

Question 11

A genetic cross between two heterozygous individuals for a single gene ($$Tt 	imes Tt) $$results in which expected genotypic ratio among the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$1:2:1 (TT$$:Tt:tt)

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of the blood-testis barrier formed by Sertoli (sustentocyte) cells?

Accepted Answer

It protects developing sperm from the immune system.

Question 13

Which event must occur for a secondary oocyte to complete meiosis II?

Accepted Answer

Fertilization by a sperm cell

Question 14

A patient is diagnosed with a tumor in the prostate gland. Which of the following symptoms is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty with urination due to compression of the prostatic urethra

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of codominance in human genetics?

Accepted Answer

ABO blood group where both A and B alleles are expressed in type AB individuals

Question 16

Which ligament provides the primary support to the uterus by anchoring it to the lateral pelvic wall?

Accepted Answer

Cardinal (lateral cervical) ligament

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why menopause leads to decreased bone mass in women?

Accepted Answer

Decreased estrogen reduces osteoblast activity, leading to increased bone resorption.

Question 18

Which structure in the sperm contains enzymes necessary for penetrating the zona pellucida of the oocyte?

Accepted Answer

Acrosome

Question 19

A mutation causes the paramesonephric ducts to fail to develop in a genetic female (XX). Which structure will most likely be absent?

Accepted Answer

Uterus

Question 20

Which phase of spermatogenesis involves the transformation of spermatids into mature spermatozoa?

Accepted Answer

Spermiogenesis

Anatomy and Physiology: Reproductive System and Genetics Study Guide

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