Question 1

Which of the following best describes the sequence of structures from the outermost to the innermost within a skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Epimysium → Perimysium → Fascicle → Endomysium → Muscle Fiber → Myofibril → Sarcomere

Question 2

A patient is unable to abduct their arm. Which muscle is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Deltoid

Question 3

During a biceps curl, which type of lever is primarily involved, and what is the correct order of components?

Accepted Answer

Third-class lever: Fulcrum → Effort → Load

Question 4

Which of the following correctly describes the changes in the sarcomere during muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

The A band remains the same, while the I band and H zone shorten.

Question 5

A muscle contraction in which tension is generated but no movement occurs is called:

Accepted Answer

Isometric contraction

Question 6

Which neuroglial cell is responsible for forming the blood-brain barrier and supporting neurons in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Astrocyte

Question 7

If a patient has damage to the occipital lobe, which function is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Vision

Question 8

Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for muscle contraction at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 9

During an action potential, which ion is responsible for depolarization of the neuron membrane?

Accepted Answer

Na$$^+ ($$sodium)

Question 10

Which structure connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres, allowing communication between them?

Accepted Answer

Corpus callosum

Question 11

A patient presents with difficulty starting and stopping movements. Which brain structure is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Basal nuclei

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding saltatory conduction?

Accepted Answer

It occurs in myelinated axons and allows action potentials to jump from node to node.

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the events leading to muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Action potential → ACh release → Muscle action potential → T tubules → Ca$$^{2+}$$ release → Troponin activation → Tropomyosin movement → Cross bridge formation → Power stroke → ATP detachment → Relaxation

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the diaphragm?

Accepted Answer

Primary muscle for inspiration

Question 15

A patient with a lesion in the cerebellum would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Loss of coordination

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the meninges?

Accepted Answer

The order from outermost to innermost is: dura mater → arachnoid mater → pia mater.

Question 17

Which neurotransmitter is most likely to be elevated in a patient experiencing increased alertness and arousal?

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine

Question 18

Which muscle group is responsible for extending the knee?

Accepted Answer

Quadriceps

Question 19

A patient is unable to plantarflex their foot. Which muscle is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Gastrocnemius

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the spinocerebellar tracts?

Accepted Answer

Carry unconscious proprioception to the cerebellum

BIO 168 Exam 3: Muscle and Nervous System Study Guide

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