$$\text{Glucose} \rightarrow 2 \text{ATP} + 2 \text{Lactate}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases calcium ions ($$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}) $$necessary for muscle contraction.

Question 2

During a marathon, which energy source is primarily used by skeletal muscles after the first few minutes of activity?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic metabolism of fatty acids and glucose

Question 3

Which of the following statements about rigor mortis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Rigor mortis occurs because ATP is no longer available to detach myosin from actin.

Question 4

A patient with Parkinson’s disease is most likely to have a deficiency in which neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the net ATP yield from anaerobic glycolysis of one glucose molecule in skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Glucose} ightarrow 2 	ext{ATP} + 2 	ext{Lactate}$$

Question 6

Which glial cell is responsible for myelinating axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cell

Question 7

A nerve impulse travels fastest along which type of axon?

Accepted Answer

Large diameter, myelinated axon

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between isometric and isotonic muscle contractions?

Accepted Answer

Isometric contractions generate tension without changing muscle length, while isotonic contractions change muscle length with constant tension.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the depolarization phase of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Opening of voltage-gated sodium channels ($$\mathrm{Na^+}) $$leads to rapid influx of $$\mathrm{Na^+}.$$

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why the ventral ramus supports more complex, multi-segment innervation patterns than the dorsal ramus?

Accepted Answer

The ventral ramus forms nerve plexuses that combine fibers from multiple spinal segments.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of the precentral gyrus?

Accepted Answer

Processing somatosensory information

Question 12

A muscle fiber is stimulated at the neuromuscular junction. Which sequence correctly describes the events leading to contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine release $$\rightarrow$$ depolarization $$\rightarrow$$ action potential $$\rightarrow$$ calcium release $$\rightarrow$$ contraction

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of calcium ions ($$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}) in $$muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Calcium binds to troponin, causing tropomyosin to move and expose binding sites on actin.

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the absolute refractory period of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

No new action potential can be generated, regardless of stimulus strength.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference in speed between monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflexes?

Accepted Answer

Monosynaptic reflexes are faster because they involve only one synapse.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of the crossed extensor reflex?

Accepted Answer

It causes the opposite limb to extend when the withdrawal reflex is activated.

Question 17

Which of the following is a property unique to graded potentials compared to action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Graded potentials can vary in amplitude depending on stimulus strength.

Question 18

Which connective tissue layer surrounds individual axons within a nerve?

Accepted Answer

Endoneurium

Question 19

Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling most of the muscles of facial expression?

Accepted Answer

Facial nerve (VII)

BIO 211 Study Guide: Muscular Tissue, Nervous Tissue, and Spinal Cord (Chapters 9, 11, 12)

Study Guide - Practice Questions