Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between blood volume and blood pressure in the circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure increases as blood volume increases, assuming vessel compliance remains constant.

Question 2

A patient presents with a heart murmur best heard at the left fifth intercostal space, midclavicular line. Which valve is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Mitral (bicuspid) valve

Question 3

Which formula correctly calculates cardiac output ($$CO$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 4

During CPR, where should hands be placed to maximize effectiveness and minimize injury?

Accepted Answer

On the lower half of the sternum, between the nipples

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why a marathon runner may have a functional bradycardia?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced cardiac reserve and stroke volume allow for lower heart rate at rest.

Question 6

Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary vein

Question 7

Which of the following is the major determinant of airway resistance?

Accepted Answer

Airway radius

Question 8

A premature infant is at risk for respiratory distress syndrome due to insufficient surfactant. What is the primary function of surfactant in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Reduce surface tension in alveoli to prevent collapse

Question 9

Which lobe of the lung is at greatest risk for aspiration pneumonia in a supine patient?

Accepted Answer

Right lower lobe (RLL)

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the mucociliary blanket (ciliary elevator) in the respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

Moves mucus and trapped particles upward toward the pharynx for removal

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the Frank-Starling mechanism is correct?

Accepted Answer

Increased venous return stretches cardiac muscle, increasing stroke volume.

Question 12

Which pressure is most negative during inspiration, facilitating lung expansion?

Accepted Answer

Intrapleural pressure

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct definition of lung compliance?

Accepted Answer

The change in lung volume per unit change in transpulmonary pressure

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the cardiac conduction system?

Accepted Answer

SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Purkinje fibers

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the two types of alveolar cells?

Accepted Answer

Type I cells facilitate gas exchange; Type II cells produce surfactant.

Question 16

Which equation best represents Boyle's Law as it applies to the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

$$P_1$$ $$V_1$$ = $$P_2$$ $$V_2$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a major pressure point used to assess the pulse in the lower extremity?

Accepted Answer

Femoral artery

Question 18

Which of the following factors does NOT directly affect the diffusion of gases in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Volume of blood in the systemic circulation

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the baroreceptor reflex?

Accepted Answer

Regulates blood pressure by adjusting heart rate and vessel diameter

Question 20

A patient with a pulmonary embolism is at risk for impaired gas exchange because:

Accepted Answer

Ventilation is increased but perfusion is decreased, leading to mismatch.

Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems: Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards