Q: If a cell's diameter doubles, by what factor does its surface area increase?

It increases fourfold ($$4 \times)$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structure of the plasma membrane in all cells?

Accepted Answer

A bilayer of phospholipids with embedded proteins

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a 2% NaCl solution. What will happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink (crenate) because water moves out of the cell

Question 3

Which type of membrane protein is responsible for catalyzing chemical reactions at the cell surface?

Accepted Answer

Integral (transmembrane) proteins acting as enzymes

Question 4

Which laboratory reagent is used to test for the presence of starch, and what color indicates a positive result?

Accepted Answer

Lugol's iodine; dark brown or black

Question 5

Which of the following best describes osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water from an area of high water concentration to low water concentration through a semipermeable membrane

Question 6

If a cell's diameter doubles, by what factor does its surface area increase?

Accepted Answer

It increases fourfold ($$4 	imes)$$

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects the movement of substances across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Number of mitochondria

Question 8

Which process describes the movement of molecules from low to high concentration, requiring energy input?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 9

During which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes align at the cell's equator?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 10

A dialysis tube is filled with a starch solution and placed in a beaker of water containing Lugol's iodine. After 30 minutes, the solution inside the tube turns dark. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

Iodine diffused into the tube and reacted with starch

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why hydrophobic substances cross the plasma membrane more easily than hydrophilic substances?

Accepted Answer

The phospholipid bilayer's interior is hydrophobic, allowing similar molecules to pass

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of integral (transmembrane) proteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Act as enzymes, receptors, and cell markers

Question 13

Which solution is considered isotonic to human cells, and what is the effect on the cell?

Accepted Answer

0.9% NaCl; cell remains unchanged

Question 14

Which organelle is directly involved in the process of mitosis by organizing the spindle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Centrioles

Question 15

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration with the help of membrane proteins

Question 16

A cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will gain water and may burst

Question 17

Which reagent is used to test for the presence of proteins, and what color indicates a positive result?

Accepted Answer

Biuret reagent; purple

Question 18

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation for the surface area of a cube with side length $$D$$?

Accepted Answer

$$6D^2$$

Question 19

Which protein channel specifically facilitates the movement of water across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Aquaporin

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the outcome of mitosis in somatic cells?

Accepted Answer

Two genetically identical daughter cells

Cell Membrane Transport and Cellular Division: Study Notes

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