Question 1

Which of the following best describes the three basic functions of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input, integration, and motor output

Question 2

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a structural division and its function in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Central nervous system: interprets sensory input and dictates motor output

Question 3

Which part of a neuron is primarily responsible for receiving incoming signals?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites

Question 4

A neuron with one axon and one dendrite is classified structurally as:

Accepted Answer

Bipolar

Question 5

Which neuroglial cell is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 6

What is the main functional difference between a nucleus and a ganglion?

Accepted Answer

A nucleus is a cluster of neuron cell bodies in the CNS, while a ganglion is in the PNS.

Question 7

Which type of membrane ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated channel

Question 8

The resting membrane potential of a typical neuron is approximately:

Accepted Answer

$$-70\ \mathrm{mV}$$

Question 9

Which of the following best explains the electrochemical basis of the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

The membrane is more permeable to $$K^+$$ than $$Na^+$$, and the Na+/K+ pump maintains the gradient.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a graded potential?

Accepted Answer

Postsynaptic potential

Question 11

Which statement best distinguishes graded potentials from action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Graded potentials decrease in magnitude with distance, while action potentials do not.

Question 12

During which period can a neuron generate another action potential only if a stronger-than-normal stimulus is applied?

Accepted Answer

Relative refractory period

Question 13

Saltatory conduction is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Action potentials jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next

Question 14

Which of the following best describes how an action potential is propagated along a myelinated axon?

Accepted Answer

It jumps from node to node, increasing conduction velocity.

Question 15

A patient with multiple sclerosis experiences muscle weakness due to demyelination. Which process is most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding the absolute refractory period?

Accepted Answer

No stimulus, no matter how strong, can initiate another action potential.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of Schwann cells?

Accepted Answer

They form the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system.

Question 18

A tract in the nervous system is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

A bundle of axons in the CNS

Question 19

Which equation best represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential for an ion?

Accepted Answer

$$E_{ion} = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[ion]_{out}}{[ion]_{in}} \right)$$

Question 20

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the integration function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A person sees a red light, interprets it as a signal to stop, and presses the brake pedal.

Chapter 11: Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue – Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions