Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

It integrates, processes, and coordinates sensory and motor commands.

Question 2

A patient presents with loss of proprioception and difficulty sensing joint position. Which type of sensory receptor is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Proprioceptors

Question 3

Which neuron type is most commonly found in the CNS and is responsible for controlling skeletal muscles?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neurons

Question 4

Which neuroglial cell is primarily responsible for maintaining the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Question 5

During the repair of a damaged axon in the peripheral nervous system, which process occurs but does not restore full function?

Accepted Answer

Wallerian degeneration

Question 6

Which equation best represents the equilibrium potential for an ion, as described by the Nernst equation?

Accepted Answer

$$E_{ion} = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[ion]_{outside}}{[ion]_{inside}} \right)$$

Question 7

A neuron receives two simultaneous excitatory inputs at different locations on its dendrites. What type of summation is occurring?

Accepted Answer

Spatial summation

Question 8

Which of the following statements about myelinated axons is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Myelinated axons appear white due to lipid content.

Question 9

If the resting membrane potential of a neuron is $$-70\ 	ext{mV}$$ and the equilibrium potential for potassium is $$-90\ 	ext{mV}$$, what will happen if potassium channels open?

Accepted Answer

Potassium will move out of the cell, causing hyperpolarization.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why the sodium–potassium exchange pump is essential for maintaining the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

It actively transports Na+ out and K+ into the cell, maintaining concentration gradients.

Question 11

A neuron is exposed to a neurotransmitter that causes graded hyperpolarization. Which postsynaptic potential is being generated?

Accepted Answer

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the propagation of action potentials along myelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Propagation occurs by saltatory conduction, jumping between nodes of Ranvier.

Question 13

Which type of gated channel is most likely to open in response to acetylcholine binding at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Chemically gated (ligand-gated) channel

Question 14

During the absolute refractory period of an action potential, which of the following is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The membrane cannot respond to any further stimulation.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the 'all-or-none principle' of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Either a stimulus triggers a typical action potential or it does not trigger one at all.

Question 16

A patient has a lesion affecting Schwann cells. Which of the following would most likely be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Myelination of axons in the PNS

Question 17

Which of the following is a major contributor to the existence of the resting membrane potential in neurons?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion of Na+ and K+ through leak channels

Question 18

Which scenario best illustrates the concept of summation in postsynaptic potentials?

Accepted Answer

Multiple neurotransmitters arrive simultaneously, opening different sets of ion channels.

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE regarding electrical synapses?

Accepted Answer

Current flows directly between cells, making them more efficient but less versatile than chemical synapses.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the distribution of voltage-gated channels in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels are found along the axon.

Chapter 11: Neural Tissue – Structured Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards