Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between an element, a compound, and a molecule?

Accepted Answer

An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down, a compound is made of two or more different elements, and a molecule is two or more atoms bonded together, which may be the same or different elements.

Question 2

Which of the following correctly matches the element symbol with its name?

Accepted Answer

K = Potassium, Na = Sodium, Fe = Iron

Question 3

A patient is given an intravenous solution containing a high concentration of solute compared to their blood plasma. What will most likely happen to their red blood cells, and why?

Accepted Answer

The cells will shrink because water will move out of the cells into the hypertonic solution.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a 'universal solvent'?

Accepted Answer

Water is polar, allowing it to dissolve many ionic and polar substances by surrounding and separating their ions or molecules.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the sodium-potassium pump is correct?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 Na+ ions out of the cell and 2 K+ ions into the cell using ATP, maintaining the cell's volume and membrane potential.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between covalent and ionic bonds?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms, while ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

Question 7

A protein is exposed to high heat and strong acids, causing it to lose its three-dimensional structure and function. This process is known as:

Accepted Answer

Denaturation

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizes proteins for the cell

Question 9

Which organelle is responsible for packaging, sorting, and shipping proteins and lipids to their final destinations in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion moves substances down their concentration gradient without energy, while active transport moves substances against their gradient using ATP.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure and function of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, forming a bilayer with tails facing inward and heads facing outward.

Question 12

A solution has a pH of 3. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic and has a high concentration of H+ ions.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for reactions, speeding them up and allowing them to occur more efficiently.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into mRNA in the nucleus, which is then translated into protein at the ribosome in the cytoplasm.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why buffers are important in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Buffers help maintain a stable pH by minimizing changes in H+ concentration.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support, facilitating movement, and aiding in intracellular transport

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between somatic cells and sex cells?

Accepted Answer

Somatic cells are body cells, while sex cells are eggs and sperm involved in reproduction.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about DNA and genes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Genes are segments of DNA that code for proteins.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophobic substances are water-resistant and do not dissolve in water, while hydrophilic substances are water-loving and dissolve easily in water.

Chapter 2 & 3: Chemistry and Cell Biology for A&P – Guided Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards