Question 1

Which of the following best differentiates matter from energy?

Accepted Answer

Matter has mass and occupies space, while energy does not have mass or occupy space.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of chemical energy being used in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Muscle contraction powered by ATP hydrolysis

Question 3

Which four elements make up the bulk of body matter?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

Question 4

Which subatomic particle is found in the nucleus of an atom and has no electrical charge?

Accepted Answer

Neutron

Question 5

Which of the following best describes an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another

Question 6

Which type of chemical reaction is represented by the equation $$ \mathrm{AB} \rightarrow \mathrm{A} + \mathrm{B} $$?

Accepted Answer

Decomposition reaction

Question 7

Which of the following is a property of water that is critical for maintaining body homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 8

A solution with a pH of 7.4 is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Slightly basic, which is the normal pH of blood

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between organic and inorganic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Organic compounds contain carbon-hydrogen bonds, while inorganic compounds do not.

Question 10

Which process is responsible for breaking down a disaccharide into two monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 11

Which of the following statements about carbohydrates and lipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates are primarily used for quick energy, while lipids are used for long-term energy storage.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A double helix composed of nucleotides with deoxyribose sugar

Question 13

What is the primary function of ATP in the body?

Accepted Answer

To provide energy for cellular processes

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a salt in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Sodium chloride ($$ \mathrm{NaCl} )$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond where electrons are shared unequally between atoms

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-life example of a synthesis reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a protein from amino acids

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why water is an effective solvent in the body?

Accepted Answer

Its polarity allows it to dissolve many ionic and polar substances

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between elements and atoms?

Accepted Answer

An element is a pure substance made of only one type of atom

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of hydrogen bonds in the body?

Accepted Answer

They help stabilize the three-dimensional structure of proteins and DNA

Question 20

A patient is experiencing acidosis. Which of the following pH values would you expect to find in their blood?

Accepted Answer

$$ 7.1 $$

Chapter 2: Basic Chemistry – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions