Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between kinetic and potential energy in the context of human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is stored in molecules like ATP, while kinetic energy is the energy of movement, such as muscle contraction.

Question 2

Which four elements make up approximately 96% of the human body, and what are their atomic symbols?

Accepted Answer

Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N)

Question 3

A sodium atom ($$\mathrm{Na}) $$has 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons. Which statement is correct regarding its atomic number and atomic mass?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number is 11, atomic mass is 23.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule and an excellent solvent?

Accepted Answer

Water's oxygen atom is slightly negative and its hydrogen atoms are slightly positive, enabling it to dissolve ionic and polar compounds.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a hydrolysis reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Breaking down proteins into amino acids during digestion.

Question 6

A molecule has the formula $$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$}. $$Which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a carbohydrate monomer, specifically glucose.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in charged ions; covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes a buffer in the human body?

Accepted Answer

A buffer is a substance that prevents drastic changes in pH by absorbing or releasing hydrogen ions ($$\mathrm{H^+}).$$

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct interpretation of the pH scale in relation to human physiology?

Accepted Answer

A pH of 7.4 is considered normal for blood, which is slightly alkaline.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fats contain one or more double bonds between carbon atoms, causing kinks in their structure; saturated fats have only single bonds and are straight.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy of reactions, increasing the reaction rate.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A pairs with T, C pairs with G.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct comparison between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the structure and function of ATP in cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP consists of adenosine and three phosphate groups; energy is released when the terminal phosphate bond is broken.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the organization of a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

A phospholipid has a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of a dehydration synthesis reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Forming a peptide bond between two amino acids, releasing water.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between molecules, compounds, and mixtures?

Accepted Answer

A molecule is a combination of two or more atoms, a compound is a molecule with different elements, and a mixture is a physical combination of substances.

Question 19

Which of the following factors would increase the rate of a chemical reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Increasing temperature and the presence of enzymes.

Question 20

A patient is found to have a blood pH of 6.8. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

The patient is experiencing acidosis, which can depress the nervous system.

Chapter 2 – Chemistry Comes Alive: Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards