Question 1

Which of the following best explains why the right main bronchus is more likely to receive a foreign object than the left?

Accepted Answer

The right bronchus descends at a steeper angle and has a larger diameter than the left.

Question 2

A patient with pneumonia is experiencing impaired gas exchange. Which structure is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Alveoli

Question 3

Which law explains why oxygen moves from the alveoli into the pulmonary capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Dalton's Law

Question 4

During anaphylaxis, which part of the bronchial tree is most affected, and what is the physiological response?

Accepted Answer

Bronchioles; bronchoconstriction due to parasympathetic stimulation

Question 5

Which equation best represents Boyle's Law as it applies to pulmonary ventilation?

Accepted Answer

$$P_1$$ $$V_1$$ = $$P_2$$ $$V_2$$

Question 6

A decrease in blood pH will have what effect on hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Decrease hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen

Question 7

Which cells are responsible for producing surfactant in the alveoli, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Pneumocytes type II; reduce surface tension to prevent alveolar collapse

Question 8

If a patient has a tidal volume ($$TV) of 500 mL $$and an anatomic dead space of 150 mL, what is the volume of air available for gas exchange per breath?

Accepted Answer

$$350\ 	ext{mL}$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of the dorsal respiratory group (DRG) in the medulla?

Accepted Answer

Regulates inspiration during quiet breathing

Question 10

A patient with a pulmonary embolism is most likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Decreased gas exchange due to blocked blood flow in the pulmonary circuit

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the mechanics of breathing?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases intrapulmonary pressure

Question 12

Which structure is lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and is only involved in air passage?

Accepted Answer

Nasopharynx

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of chemoreceptors in respiratory regulation?

Accepted Answer

They sense changes in O2, CO2, and pH levels in the blood

Question 14

Which equation best represents Dalton's Law as it applies to the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{total} = P_1$ + P_2$ + P_3$ + \ldots$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a consequence of decreased surfactant production in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Increased surface tension and risk of alveolar collapse

Question 16

Which of the following statements about hemoglobin is correct?

Accepted Answer

Each hemoglobin molecule can bind up to four oxygen molecules

Question 17

A patient is hyperventilating, causing a decrease in CO2 levels in the blood. What effect does this have on blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Blood pH increases (alkalosis)

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Production of insulin

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the effect of increased temperature on hemoglobin's oxygen binding?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin releases oxygen more readily

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the control of bronchiolar diameter?

Accepted Answer

Bronchodilation is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system

Chapter 23: The Respiratory System – Functional Anatomy and Physiology

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