Question 1

Which of the following best describes the order of structural organization in the human body, from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Chemical → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Organism

Question 2

A patient is admitted with severe burns covering 36% of their body. Using the Rule of Nines, which of the following combinations could account for this percentage?

Accepted Answer

Anterior trunk (18%) and both arms (9% each)

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback in homeostatic regulation?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose by insulin

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the sodium-potassium pump is correct?

Accepted Answer

It helps maintain the resting membrane potential by moving 3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions in per ATP hydrolyzed.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between simple and stratified epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Simple epithelium consists of a single layer of cells and is specialized for absorption and filtration; stratified epithelium consists of multiple layers and is specialized for protection.

Question 6

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. Which type of solution was the cell placed in, and what is the process called?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic solution; osmosis

Question 7

Which of the following is a property of water that makes it vital for biological systems?

Accepted Answer

It has a high heat capacity, helping to stabilize body temperature.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the myelin sheath in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction by insulating the axon.

Question 9

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between white and gray matter in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Gray matter consists mainly of neuron cell bodies and dendrites, while white matter consists of myelinated axons.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of bone remodeling in response to low blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is released, stimulating osteoclasts to break down bone matrix and release calcium.

Question 11

A patient presents with a tumor originating from the stratum basale of the epidermis. Which type of skin cancer is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a cranial nerve and its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Vagus nerve (X) – parasympathetic control of thoracic and abdominal organs

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Exocrine glands secrete products onto body surfaces or into body cavities; endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why cartilage heals more slowly than bone?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage is avascular, so nutrients and cells required for repair arrive more slowly.

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in tissue repair after injury?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation → Organization → Regeneration

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of calcium ions ($$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}) in $$skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

They bind to troponin, causing tropomyosin to move and expose binding sites on actin.

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Its ganglia are located close to the spinal cord.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases $$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}$$ ions necessary for muscle contraction.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the pH scale?

Accepted Answer

A solution with pH 7 is neutral, while a solution with pH 2 is strongly acidic.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the reticular formation in the brainstem?

Accepted Answer

It maintains alertness and filters incoming sensory information.

Comprehensive Study Guide for Human Anatomy & Physiology (Bio 210) Final Exam

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