Question 1

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the majority of parasympathetic output to the thoracic and abdominal organs, and how would you clinically test its function?

Accepted Answer

Cranial Nerve X (Vagus); test by assessing the gag reflex and listening for hoarseness in the voice.

Question 2

A patient presents with double vision and difficulty moving their right eye laterally. Which cranial nerve and extrinsic eye muscle are most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Cranial Nerve VI (Abducens); Lateral rectus muscle

Question 3

Which supporting cell of the central nervous system is primarily responsible for forming the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Question 4

Which of the following best describes a multipolar neuron?

Accepted Answer

A neuron with one axon and multiple dendrites, commonly found in the CNS as motor neurons.

Question 5

Which of the following structures is found in the sensory tunic of the eye and is responsible for detecting light?

Accepted Answer

Retina

Question 6

A lesion in the primary (somatic) motor cortex would most likely result in which of the following deficits?

Accepted Answer

Impaired voluntary movement on the contralateral side of the body

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the order of connective tissue layers from outermost to innermost surrounding a peripheral nerve?

Accepted Answer

Epineurium, perineurium, endoneurium

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct order of the brachial plexus from proximal to distal?

Accepted Answer

Roots, trunks, divisions, cords

Question 9

The conus medullaris is located at approximately which vertebral level in adults?

Accepted Answer

L1-L2

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the organ of Corti?

Accepted Answer

Transduces sound vibrations into neural signals

Question 11

Which lobe of the brain contains the primary visual cortex?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the fluid found in the anterior chamber of the eye?

Accepted Answer

It contains aqueous humor and is located between the cornea and the iris.

Question 13

Which cranial nerve passes through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone?

Accepted Answer

Cranial Nerve I (Olfactory)

Question 14

Which supporting cell is responsible for myelinating axons in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 15

Which structure separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe?

Accepted Answer

Lateral sulcus

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the astrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis of pathogens

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct number and division of spinal nerves?

Accepted Answer

8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral

Question 18

Which part of the neural tube develops into the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Neural tube

Question 19

Which nerve arises from the cervical plexus and is essential for breathing by innervating the diaphragm?

Accepted Answer

Phrenic nerve

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the semicircular canals?

Accepted Answer

Detects rotational movement of the head

Comprehensive Study Guide: Nervous System Anatomy and Special Senses

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