Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of the interstitial (Leydig) cells in the testes?

Accepted Answer

They produce testosterone in response to luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulation.

Question 2

A patient presents with infertility due to a blockage in the ductus deferens. Which of the following is the most direct consequence of this blockage?

Accepted Answer

Sperm cannot be transported from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct.

Question 3

During spermatogenesis, at which stage does the chromosome number reduce from diploid to haploid, and what is the process called?

Accepted Answer

During meiosis I, primary spermatocytes become secondary spermatocytes.

Question 4

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating ovulation during the ovarian cycle, and where is it produced?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH), produced by the anterior pituitary gland.

Question 5

A woman is diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) after a bacterial infection spreads from her vagina. Which structure is most likely to be directly affected, increasing her risk of ectopic pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Uterine (fallopian) tubes

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why only a few sperm reach the oocyte in the uterine tube during fertilization?

Accepted Answer

Most sperm are destroyed by the acidic environment of the vagina and immune defenses in the female reproductive tract.

Question 7

Which phase of the uterine cycle is dominated by progesterone, and what is the main event during this phase?

Accepted Answer

Secretory phase; the endometrium prepares for potential implantation of an embryo.

Question 8

A male patient has a mutation that prevents the production of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Decreased secretion of both LH and FSH, leading to impaired spermatogenesis and low testosterone.

Question 9

Which of the following correctly matches the accessory gland with its primary function in semen production?

Accepted Answer

Seminal glands: produce a fructose-rich fluid that nourishes sperm.

Question 10

Which of the following events occurs during the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle, and which hormone is primarily responsible?

Accepted Answer

The endometrium is rebuilt; estrogen is the dominant hormone.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of capacitation in sperm?

Accepted Answer

A series of changes that increase sperm motility and prepare the acrosome for reaction with the oocyte.

Question 12

Which of the following is a key difference between oogenesis and spermatogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Oogenesis produces one functional gamete per primary oocyte, while spermatogenesis produces four functional sperm per primary spermatocyte.

Question 13

A patient is found to have a tumor in the prostate gland. Which of the following symptoms is most likely to occur due to the prostate's anatomical location and function?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty urinating due to compression of the prostatic urethra.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of sustentocytes (Sertoli cells) in the seminiferous tubules?

Accepted Answer

They support, nourish, and regulate the development of sperm cells.

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the determination of genetic sex in humans?

Accepted Answer

Females have two X chromosomes (XX), and males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY); the sperm determines the sex of the baby.

Question 16

A woman is found to have a mutation that prevents the formation of the corpus luteum. Which phase of the ovarian and uterine cycles would be most directly affected, and why?

Accepted Answer

The luteal and secretory phases would be impaired due to lack of progesterone production.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains the function of the bulbourethral glands in the male reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

They secrete an alkaline mucus that neutralizes traces of acidic urine in the urethra.

Question 18

Which of the following events is triggered by the acrosomal reaction during fertilization?

Accepted Answer

Release of enzymes that digest the zona pellucida, allowing sperm to penetrate the oocyte.

Question 19

Which of the following is a known risk factor for the development of breast cancer in women?

Accepted Answer

Early onset of menstruation and late menopause.

Question 20

A patient is experiencing erectile dysfunction due to impaired blood flow to the penis. Which tissue is primarily responsible for the erection, and what is the physiological mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Corpora cavernosa; increased blood flow fills the erectile tissue, causing it to enlarge and stiffen.

Comprehensive Study Guide: The Reproductive System (Anatomy & Physiology)

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