Q: Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the hematocrit percentage?

$$\text{Hematocrit} = \frac{\text{Volume of RBCs}}{\text{Total Blood Volume}} \times 100$$

Question 1

A patient presents with a hematocrit of 60%. Which of the following is the most likely physiological consequence of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood viscosity, which can slow blood flow and increase the risk of clot formation

Question 2

Which of the following best explains why erythrocytes are able to efficiently transport oxygen but cannot repair themselves when damaged?

Accepted Answer

They are anucleate and lack organelles necessary for protein synthesis

Question 3

A patient with a genetic deficiency in clotting proteins is most likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Prolonged bleeding even after minor tissue damage

Question 4

Which of the following sequences correctly describes the three phases of hemostasis in order?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasms, platelet plug formation, coagulation

Question 5

A person with type AB+ blood is considered the universal recipient for blood transfusions. Which of the following best explains why?

Accepted Answer

They have both A and B antigens and the Rh antigen, so they do not form antibodies against any of the major blood group antigens

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of albumin in plasma?

Accepted Answer

It is an important blood buffer and helps maintain osmotic pressure

Question 7

A patient is diagnosed with thrombocytopenia. Which of the following symptoms would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Petechiae (small purplish blotches on the skin) due to spontaneous bleeding

Question 8

Which of the following white blood cells is most numerous and acts as a phagocyte at sites of acute infection?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 9

A woman who is Rh-negative becomes pregnant with an Rh-positive baby. Which of the following best describes the risk to the fetus in subsequent pregnancies if the mother does not receive RhoGAM?

Accepted Answer

The mother's immune system may attack the fetal red blood cells in later pregnancies, causing hemolytic disease of the newborn

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why a person with type O blood is considered the universal donor?

Accepted Answer

Type O blood lacks both A and B antigens, so it is less likely to be attacked by recipient antibodies

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the hematocrit percentage?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Hematocrit} = \frac{	ext{Volume of RBCs}}{	ext{Total Blood Volume}} 	imes 100$$

Question 12

A patient with sickle cell anemia is likely to experience which of the following complications due to the abnormal shape of their erythrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Blockage of small blood vessels, leading to pain and tissue damage

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process by which leukocytes move toward sites of tissue damage in response to chemical signals?

Accepted Answer

Positive chemotaxis

Question 14

A patient receives a transfusion of mismatched blood. Which of the following is the most immediate and dangerous consequence?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination and hemolysis of donor red blood cells

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of thrombin in the coagulation cascade?

Accepted Answer

It converts fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin strands

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the production and regulation of red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin, produced mainly by the kidneys, stimulates red bone marrow to increase RBC production in response to low oxygen levels

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why plasma composition can vary from one moment to the next?

Accepted Answer

Cells are constantly exchanging substances with the blood, and organs like the liver, kidneys, and lungs adjust plasma composition to maintain homeostasis

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the coagulation phase of hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Tissue factor and PF3 trigger a cascade, prothrombin activator converts prothrombin to thrombin, thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of monocytes after they migrate into tissues?

Accepted Answer

They become macrophages and phagocytize pathogens and debris

Question 20

A patient with leukemia is likely to have which of the following laboratory findings?

Accepted Answer

A high number of immature, nonfunctional white blood cells

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