Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of the mesentery in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

It suspends digestive organs within the peritoneal cavity and provides a pathway for blood vessels and nerves.

Question 2

A patient has a genetic defect that prevents the secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach. Which of the following consequences is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Protein digestion will be impaired because pepsinogen will not be activated to pepsin.

Question 3

Which structure connects the liver to the anterior wall of the peritoneal cavity?

Accepted Answer

Falciform ligament

Question 4

During the intestinal phase of digestion, the duodenum secretes alkaline mucus. What is the primary function of this secretion?

Accepted Answer

To neutralize stomach acid and raise the pH toward neutral

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why pepsin activity ceases in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Pepsin is denatured by the alkaline pH in the small intestine.

Question 6

A patient is unable to produce salivary amylase. Which of the following would most likely be affected?

Accepted Answer

Initial digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a cell type and its secretion in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

G cell — gastrin

Question 8

A person has a deficiency in Immunoglobulin A (IgA) in their saliva. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of bacterial infections in the oral cavity

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of the bacteria E. coli in the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

They digest food molecules that human enzymes cannot break down, producing gases as byproducts.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the pancreas is correct?

Accepted Answer

It secretes alkaline pancreatic juice that helps neutralize stomach acid in the duodenum.

Question 11

A patient has a blockage in the lesser omentum. Which digestive process is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport of blood vessels and nerves between the stomach and liver

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why only proteins are digested in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

The stomach only secretes enzymes that digest proteins, and the acidic environment denatures other digestive enzymes.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of lysozyme in saliva?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of bacterial cell walls

Question 14

If the pH of the stomach rises to 7.3, what will happen to pepsin activity?

Accepted Answer

Pepsin activity will decrease, impairing protein digestion.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the visceral and parietal peritoneum?

Accepted Answer

The visceral peritoneum covers the organs, and the parietal peritoneum lines the body wall.

Question 16

A patient has a surgical removal of the gallbladder. Which digestive process will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Storage and concentration of bile for fat digestion

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events for protein digestion in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Pepsinogen is secreted by chief cells, activated to pepsin by HCl, and pepsin digests proteins.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the importance of the alkaline nature of pancreatic juice?

Accepted Answer

It neutralizes acidic chyme from the stomach, allowing pancreatic enzymes to function.

Question 19

A patient presents with excessive gas production (flatus) after eating foods high in fiber. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria in the large intestine digest fiber, producing gases as byproducts.

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of the greater omentum?

Accepted Answer

It suspends the stomach and contains blood vessels and nerves.

Digestive System: Mesentery, Stomach Secretions, Intestinal Phases, Large Intestine, Salivary Glands, Liver, and Pancreas

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