Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands are ductless and release hormones directly into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands release their products through ducts to specific locations.

Question 2

A hormone is only able to affect certain cells in the body. What determines whether a cell can respond to a specific hormone?

Accepted Answer

The cell must have a receptor for that hormone.

Question 3

Which of the following hormones is NOT amino acid-based?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 4

A patient is experiencing low blood calcium levels. Which hormone is most likely to be released to restore homeostasis, and what is its primary action?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH); stimulates osteoclasts to release calcium from bone

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action for hydrophilic hormones?

Accepted Answer

They bind to surface receptors and activate second messenger systems.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct formula for cardiac output ($$CO$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 7

During a blood transfusion, a patient with type A blood receives type B blood. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination and hemolysis of the transfused blood cells

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the pathway of electrical activity through the heart?

Accepted Answer

The electrical impulse starts at the SA node, travels through the AV node, then down the bundle of His and Purkinje fibers.

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of albumin in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

It maintains osmotic pressure and helps regulate blood volume.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why capillaries are uniquely suited for exchange of materials between blood and tissues?

Accepted Answer

They have a single layer of endothelial cells, allowing easy diffusion.

Question 11

A patient with a deficiency in T lymphocytes would most likely have impaired:

Accepted Answer

Cellular immunity

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct description of the difference between arteries and veins?

Accepted Answer

Arteries have thicker walls and higher pressure than veins.

Question 13

Which of the following is a major function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Returning excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

It is specific and involves memory cells for faster future responses.

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the chordae tendineae in the heart?

Accepted Answer

They anchor the valve flaps and prevent them from inverting during ventricular contraction.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of passive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Receiving antibodies through breast milk

Question 18

Which of the following factors would increase venous return to the heart?

Accepted Answer

Increased respiratory movements

Question 19

A patient has a blood pressure reading of 140/90 mmHg. Which value represents the diastolic pressure?

Accepted Answer

90 mmHg

Question 20

Which of the following is a portal circuit and why is it important?

Accepted Answer

The hepatic portal circuit; it allows nutrients from the digestive tract to be processed by the liver before entering systemic circulation.

Exam 3 Study Guide: Endocrine, Blood, Cardiovascular, and Lymphatic Systems

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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