Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of lymphatic vessels in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They absorb dietary fats from the digestive tract and return excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream.

Question 2

A patient has a thymus that fails to develop properly. Which of the following immune functions would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Maturation of T lymphocytes and development of self-tolerance

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a component of MALT (Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue)?

Accepted Answer

Spleen

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why the spleen is more likely than a lymph node to filter blood-borne pathogens?

Accepted Answer

The spleen is directly connected to the circulatory system via the splenic artery and vein.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the process of clonal selection in B cells?

Accepted Answer

A B cell divides and differentiates after binding to a specific antigen, producing plasma cells and memory cells.

Question 6

Which antibody class is primarily responsible for mediating allergic reactions and defense against parasitic infections?

Accepted Answer

IgE

Question 7

A patient with a genetic defect in the complement system would most likely have difficulty with which aspect of innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Direct lysis of pathogens and enhancement of phagocytosis

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between hyperpnea and hyperventilation?

Accepted Answer

Hyperpnea is increased ventilation due to metabolic need, while hyperventilation is excessive ventilation not matched to metabolic demand.

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the reaction catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase in red blood cells during CO$$_2$$ transport?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CO_2$ + H_2O \xrightarrow{carbonic\ anhydrase} H_2CO_3 \rightarrow H^+ + $$HCO_3$$^-}$$

Question 10

A patient with chronic bronchitis is likely to experience which of the following physiological changes?

Accepted Answer

Decreased ciliary function and increased mucus production, leading to airway obstruction

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

They process and present antigens on MHC molecules to T lymphocytes, initiating adaptive immune responses.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of airflow through the respiratory passageways, starting from the nose?

Accepted Answer

Nose → Pharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Bronchioles → Alveoli

Question 13

Which of the following changes would most likely shift the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve to the right, facilitating oxygen unloading in tissues?

Accepted Answer

Increased 2,3-BPG concentration

Question 14

Which of the following is a key difference between the structure of lymph nodes and the spleen?

Accepted Answer

The spleen filters blood, while lymph nodes filter lymph.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of surfactant in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

It decreases surface tension, preventing alveolar collapse during exhalation.

Question 16

A person with a deficiency in helper T cells would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Impaired activation of both B cells and cytotoxic T cells, leading to compromised adaptive immunity

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a Type I (immediate) hypersensitivity reaction?

Accepted Answer

Allergic reaction to pollen causing hay fever

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the structure of the respiratory membrane?

Accepted Answer

A thin barrier consisting of alveolar epithelium, fused basement membrane, and capillary endothelium

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the pleurae surrounding the lungs?

Accepted Answer

They secrete pleural fluid to reduce friction during breathing movements.

Lymphatic, Immune, and Respiratory Systems: Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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