$$\text{Glucose} + 6\,\text{O}_2 \rightarrow 36\,\text{ATP} + 6\,\text{CO}_2 + 6\,\text{H}_2\text{O}$$

$$1\,\text{g fat} \rightarrow 9.46\,\text{Calories}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

It is an anaerobic process that occurs in the cytoplasm and breaks down glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules, producing 2 ATP.

Question 2

During oxidative phosphorylation, what is the role of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor, combining with electrons and hydrogen ions to form water.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the total ATP yield from complete aerobic oxidation of one glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Glucose} + 6\,	ext{O}_2 ightarrow 36\,	ext{ATP} + 6\,	ext{CO}_2 + 6\,	ext{H}_2	ext{O}$$

Question 4

A patient with a deficiency in pancreatic amylase would most likely have difficulty digesting which type of nutrient?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 5

Which of the following statements about LDL and HDL is correct?

Accepted Answer

LDL delivers fats and cholesterol to cells and tissues, while HDL removes fats and cholesterol from cells and returns them to the liver.

Question 6

Beta-oxidation is a process that:

Accepted Answer

Breaks down fatty acids into acetyl CoA for entry into aerobic respiration.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct sequence for protein digestion?

Accepted Answer

Pepsin in the stomach, followed by trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase in the duodenum.

Question 8

A person with phenylketonuria (PKU) must avoid which of the following substances?

Accepted Answer

Aspartame, because it contains phenylalanine.

Question 9

Which of the following reactions is responsible for removing the amino group from an amino acid, producing an organic acid and ammonium ion?

Accepted Answer

Deamination

Question 10

In the post-absorptive state, which hormone primarily promotes glycogen breakdown and glucose formation?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a product of complete aerobic glucose metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Urea

Question 12

Which equation correctly represents the energy content per gram of fat?

Accepted Answer

$$1\,	ext{g fat} ightarrow 9.46\,	ext{Calories}$$

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why fats are considered the most efficient way to store energy in the body?

Accepted Answer

Fats release more calories per gram than carbohydrates or proteins.

Question 14

Which hormone is released during the absorptive state and promotes storage of nutrients?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the liver in amino acid metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Converting amino acids to glucose or fatty acids

Question 16

Which of the following would most likely stimulate the satiety center in the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

Leptin

Question 17

A patient is unable to produce bile. Which of the following would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Emulsification and digestion of lipids

Question 18

Which process is responsible for transferring an amino group from one molecule to another to create a different amino acid?

Accepted Answer

Transamination

Question 19

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of a defective urea cycle in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of toxic ammonium ions in the body

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the fate of chylomicrons after absorption in the gut?

Accepted Answer

They are transported to the liver, repackaged into LDLs, and deliver fats and cholesterol to cells.

Metabolism: An Overview of Biochemical Pathways and Nutrient Processing

Study Guide - Practice Questions