Question 1

Which of the following best describes enzyme amplification in hormone action?

Accepted Answer

A single hormone molecule triggers the activation of many enzymes, resulting in a large cellular response.

Question 2

A patient presents with short stature, delayed growth, and normal body proportions. Laboratory tests reveal low growth hormone levels. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary dwarfism

Question 3

Which hormone is considered the major metabolic hormone of the body?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormone (T3/T4)

Question 4

A person with Type 1 diabetes mellitus is most likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why the posterior pituitary is not a true endocrine gland?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus.

Question 6

Which process is defined as the formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 7

A patient with untreated diabetes mellitus presents with rapid breathing, fruity-smelling breath, and confusion. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

Question 8

Which of the following hormones can increase blood glucose levels? Select the most complete answer.

Accepted Answer

Glucagon, growth hormone, epinephrine, and glucocorticoids

Question 9

A mother who is Rh-negative gives birth to an Rh-positive baby. Which condition may develop in a subsequent pregnancy if not properly managed?

Accepted Answer

Erythroblastosis fetalis

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between granulocytes and agranulocytes?

Accepted Answer

Granulocytes contain visible cytoplasmic granules; agranulocytes do not.

Question 11

A person moves from sea level to a high-altitude environment. Which physiological response is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Increased erythropoietin production leading to higher RBC count

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of blood?

Accepted Answer

Transport of gases, nutrients, hormones, and waste products

Question 13

Which of the following is found in plasma?

Accepted Answer

Water, proteins, nutrients, hormones, and waste products

Question 14

Which hormone is released in response to low blood glucose and acts to increase blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of the adrenal medulla in the stress response?

Accepted Answer

It secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine for the 'fight or flight' response.

Question 16

A patient has a hematocrit of 60%. Which condition does this most likely indicate, and why is it dangerous?

Accepted Answer

Polycythemia; it increases blood viscosity and risk of clotting.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) stages?

Accepted Answer

Alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Question 18

Which of the following is a key function of the thymus?

Accepted Answer

Maturation of T lymphocytes for immune function

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between steroid and protein hormones?

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble and act on intracellular receptors; protein hormones are water-soluble and act on cell surface receptors.

Question 20

A patient with a white blood cell count of 2,000/μL (normal: 4,000–11,000/μL) is at increased risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Infection due to leukopenia

Midterm #2 Study Guide: Special Senses, Endocrine System, and Blood

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards