Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle is voluntary and striated, cardiac muscle is involuntary and striated, and smooth muscle is involuntary and non-striated.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a general function of muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Secreting hormones

Question 3

A muscle fiber is stimulated at the neuromuscular junction. Which sequence correctly describes the events leading to muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Action potential travels down the motor neuron → Acetylcholine is released into the synaptic cleft → Sarcolemma depolarizes → Action potential spreads along T-tubules → Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

Which connective tissue wrapping surrounds an individual muscle fiber?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Question 5

During the sliding filament mechanism, which event directly causes the thin filaments to slide past the thick filaments?

Accepted Answer

The power stroke of myosin heads pulling actin filaments

Question 6

A patient is unable to produce enough ATP during intense exercise. Which pathway is most likely to be the first to supply ATP for muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Creatine phosphate pathway

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between isotonic and isometric muscle contractions?

Accepted Answer

Isotonic contractions result in muscle length change, while isometric contractions do not change muscle length.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains muscle fatigue during prolonged exercise?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of lactic acid and depletion of ATP

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct statement about the organization of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) divisions.

Question 10

Which supporting cell forms the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 11

A neuron receives multiple excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in rapid succession at a single synapse. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Temporal summation

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the resting membrane potential of a typical neuron?

Accepted Answer

The inside of the neuron is negatively charged relative to the outside, typically around $$-70\ \mathrm{mV}.$$

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding saltatory conduction?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials jump from one node of Ranvier to the next, increasing conduction speed.

Question 14

Which type of membrane channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated channel

Question 15

A patient has a disease that destroys Schwann cells. Which of the following would most likely be affected?

Accepted Answer

Myelination of peripheral nerves

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between a graded potential and an action potential?

Accepted Answer

A graded potential varies in amplitude and can summate, while an action potential is all-or-none.

Question 17

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates spatial summation?

Accepted Answer

Multiple presynaptic neurons release neurotransmitter at different locations on the postsynaptic neuron simultaneously.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of depolarization in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ions ($$\mathrm{Na}^+) $$rush into the cell, making the inside more positive.

Question 19

A muscle is stimulated so rapidly that no evidence of relaxation is seen and contractions fuse into a smooth, sustained contraction. This is known as:

Accepted Answer

Complete tetanus

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why aerobic exercise increases muscle endurance?

Accepted Answer

It increases the number of mitochondria and capillaries in muscle fibers.

Muscle Tissue and Introduction to the Nervous System: Study Guide

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