Q: Which equation best represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential for an ion?

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[\text{ion}]_{\text{outside}}}{[\text{ion}]_{\text{inside}}} \right)$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To coordinate and integrate body functions by transmitting electrical signals

Question 2

Which structure is responsible for transmitting impulses away from the neuron's cell body?

Accepted Answer

Axon

Question 3

A patient presents with loss of sensation and movement in the right arm after a spinal cord injury. Which division of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 4

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the transmission of a nerve impulse?

Accepted Answer

Dendrite → Soma → Axon → Synapse

Question 5

Which glial cell is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 6

Which of the following best explains the role of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

It actively transports 3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions into the neuron

Question 7

During an action potential, which event occurs immediately after the membrane depolarizes to threshold?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated sodium channels open

Question 8

Which equation best represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential for an ion?

Accepted Answer

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{outside}}}{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{inside}}} ight)$$

Question 9

A drug that blocks voltage-gated potassium channels would have what effect on the action potential?

Accepted Answer

It would prolong repolarization

Question 10

Which of the following best describes saltatory conduction?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials jump from one node of Ranvier to the next

Question 11

Which neurotransmitter is most commonly associated with the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 12

A patient with multiple sclerosis experiences muscle weakness and loss of coordination. Which cellular structure is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheath

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Forming the blood-brain barrier

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the effect of an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)?

Accepted Answer

It hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic membrane

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the absolute refractory period?

Accepted Answer

No action potential can be generated regardless of stimulus strength

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin allows for saltatory conduction between nodes of Ranvier

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct formula for Ohm's Law as applied to membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

$$I = \frac{V}{R}$$

Question 18

A patient is exposed to a toxin that prevents the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. What is the most likely result?

Accepted Answer

Muscle contraction is inhibited

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of microglia in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They act as immune cells and phagocytose debris

Question 20

Which of the following is a direct result of the influx of calcium ions into the axon terminal during synaptic transmission?

Accepted Answer

Release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft

Nervous System: Structure and Function Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards