Question 1

Which neuroglial cell is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 2

A patient presents with loss of sensation in the face. Which cranial nerve is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

CN V (Trigeminal)

Question 3

Which structure surrounds a single axon within a peripheral nerve?

Accepted Answer

Endoneurium

Question 4

If myelin is damaged in the nervous system, what is the most direct effect on signal conduction?

Accepted Answer

Signals are conducted more slowly and may be lost

Question 5

Which neuron structural type is most commonly found in the human nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar

Question 6

Which functional division of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) controls involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion?

Accepted Answer

Autonomic motor

Question 7

Which neuroglial cell is responsible for cleaning up debris and protecting neurons in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Microglial cell

Question 8

A signal is carried from the skin to the spinal cord. Which type of neuron is responsible for this function?

Accepted Answer

Sensory (afferent) neuron

Question 9

Which brain region is primarily responsible for coordinating voluntary movements and maintaining balance?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Question 10

Which structure connects the two cerebral hemispheres and allows communication between them?

Accepted Answer

Corpus callosum

Question 11

Which cranial nerve is classified as purely sensory and is responsible for the sense of smell?

Accepted Answer

CN I (Olfactory)

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between a nerve and a tract?

Accepted Answer

A nerve is a bundle of axons in the PNS, while a tract is a bundle of axons in the CNS

Question 13

Which neuron functional type is found only within the CNS and is responsible for integration?

Accepted Answer

Interneuron

Question 14

Which structure is the primary motor cortex located in?

Accepted Answer

Precentral gyrus

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding gray matter and white matter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Gray matter consists mainly of neuron cell bodies and dendrites, while white matter consists mainly of myelinated axons

Question 16

A patient has damage to the Schwann cells. Which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Impaired myelination in the PNS

Question 17

Which structure surrounds a fascicle within a nerve?

Accepted Answer

Perineurium

Question 18

Which cranial nerve is classified as mixed (both sensory and motor) and is involved in autonomic control of the heart and digestive organs?

Accepted Answer

CN X (Vagus)

Question 19

Which equation best represents the relationship between the speed of nerve conduction ($$v$$), axon diameter ($$d$$), and myelination ($$m) in a $$simplified model?

Accepted Answer

$$v = k \cdot d \cdot m$$

Question 20

A reflex pathway involves a sensory neuron, interneuron, and motor neuron. Which sequence correctly traces the signal?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neuron → interneuron → motor neuron

Nervous Tissue, Brain, and Cranial Nerves: Study Guide

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