Q: Which equation correctly represents the action of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining resting membrane potential?

$$3 \mathrm{Na}^+_{\text{in}} + 2 \mathrm{K}^+_{\text{out}} + \mathrm{ATP} \rightarrow 3 \mathrm{Na}^+_{\text{out}} + 2 \mathrm{K}^+_{\text{in}} + \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium exchange pump in neurons?

Accepted Answer

It actively transports 3 Na+ out of the cell and 2 K+ into the cell, using ATP.

Question 2

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that disrupts the function of oligodendrocytes. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Impaired myelination of CNS axons, leading to slower action potential propagation.

Question 3

Which type of neuron is most commonly found in the peripheral nervous system as sensory neurons?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar neuron

Question 4

During the generation of an action potential, what event immediately follows the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels?

Accepted Answer

Rapid depolarization of the membrane

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct action potentials faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin allows saltatory propagation, where the action potential jumps from node to node.

Question 6

A drug blocks the function of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) at the neuromuscular junction. What is the most likely effect?

Accepted Answer

ACh will accumulate in the synaptic cleft, causing prolonged muscle contraction.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining the blood-brain barrier

Question 8

A neuron receives two excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in rapid succession at the same synapse. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Temporal summation

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the effect of GABA as a neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

It is inhibitory and suppresses action potentials.

Question 10

Which equation correctly represents the action of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

$$3 \mathrm{Na}^+_{	ext{in}} + 2 \mathrm{K}^+_{	ext{out}} + \mathrm{ATP} ightarrow 3 \mathrm{Na}^+_{	ext{out}} + 2 \mathrm{K}^+_{	ext{in}} + \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i$$

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the absolute refractory period of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

No stimulus, regardless of strength, can trigger another action potential.

Question 12

Which type of glial cell is responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Accepted Answer

Ependymal cell

Question 13

A patient is unable to feel pain or temperature in a specific region of their body. Which type of sensory receptor is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Exteroceptors

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They myelinate axons and assist in axon regeneration after injury.

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of graded potentials?

Accepted Answer

They decrease in magnitude with distance from the site of stimulation.

Question 16

Which of the following neurotransmitters is released at all neuromuscular junctions involving skeletal muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the effect of an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)?

Accepted Answer

It hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic membrane.

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE about the enteric nervous system (ENS)?

Accepted Answer

It can function independently of the CNS but is influenced by the autonomic nervous system.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why Type A fibers conduct action potentials faster than Type C fibers?

Accepted Answer

Type A fibers are myelinated and have a large diameter, reducing resistance.

Nervous Tissue: Structure, Function, and Physiology

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