Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and blood cell production

Question 2

Which bone cell type is primarily responsible for bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 3

A patient presents with a fracture that fails to heal properly due to insufficient blood supply. Which bone structure is most likely compromised?

Accepted Answer

Periosteum

Question 4

Which of the following equations correctly represents the process of bone mineralization?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca^{2+}$$ + $$PO_4$$^{3-} \rightarrow $$Ca_3$$($$PO_4)_2$

Question 5

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 6

A child with vitamin D deficiency is most likely to develop which condition?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer of bones; spongy bone is porous and found at the ends of long bones.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 9

A patient with hyperparathyroidism is likely to experience which of the following skeletal effects?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of fractures due to bone demineralization

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why elderly individuals are at higher risk for osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Decreased bone mass due to imbalance between bone resorption and formation

Question 11

Which structure is responsible for longitudinal bone growth during childhood and adolescence?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in bone fracture repair?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation → Fibrocartilaginous callus → Bony callus → Bone remodeling

Question 13

Which of the following best describes Wolff's Law?

Accepted Answer

Bone grows or remodels in response to the forces placed upon it

Question 14

Which of the following is a direct effect of calcitonin on bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Inhibits osteoclast activity, decreasing blood calcium levels

Question 15

A patient with a mutation that prevents collagen synthesis would most likely have bones that are:

Accepted Answer

Brittle and prone to fracture

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of red bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Production of blood cells (hematopoiesis)

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone replaces a cartilage model

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct chemical equation for the formation of hydroxyapatite, the main mineral in bone?

Accepted Answer

$$10Ca^{2+} + 6PO$$_$$4^{3-} + 2OH$$^- \rightarrow Ca_{10}($$PO_4)_6(OH)_2$

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why weight-bearing exercise is recommended for bone health?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates osteoblast activity, increasing bone density

Question 20

A patient with chronic kidney disease develops hypocalcemia. Which hormone is most likely to be elevated as a compensatory response?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Skeletal System: Structure, Function, and Bone Tissue

Study Guide - Practice Questions