Question 1

Which of the following best explains why bones are strong, according to the chemical level of organization in anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Bones are strong because they are composed of minerals and the protein collagen, which are both chemicals that provide structural integrity.

Question 2

Which statement about atoms is correct?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are the smallest unit of matter that still retains its original properties.

Question 3

A carbon atom has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons. What is its atomic number and mass number?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number = 6, Mass number = 12

Question 4

Which of the following elements makes up the largest percentage of the human body's mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen (O)

Question 5

What is the difference between a molecule and a compound?

Accepted Answer

A molecule is formed when two or more atoms of the same element are chemically bonded, while a compound is formed when two or more atoms of different elements are chemically bonded.

Question 6

Which type of chemical bond is the strongest and involves the sharing of electrons between two nonmetal atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 7

What is the main difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bonds involve unequal sharing of electrons, resulting in partial charges, while nonpolar covalent bonds involve equal sharing of electrons.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy ($$E_a) $$required for a reaction, increasing the reaction rate without being permanently altered.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct representation of a reversible chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2 + H_2O$$ \rightleftharpoons H_2CO_3$$

Question 10

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ M. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = 4$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of buffers in the body?

Accepted Answer

Buffers resist changes in pH by neutralizing added acids or bases, maintaining homeostasis.

Question 12

Which of the following is a property of water that is vital to living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Water absorbs heat without significantly changing temperature.

Question 13

Which of the following is true about saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbons and are solid at room temperature.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis links two monomers by removing a molecule of water.

Question 15

Which level of protein structure is stabilized primarily by hydrogen bonds and includes alpha helices and beta-pleated sheets?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure

Question 16

Which of the following statements about DNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA is composed of two strands of nucleotides forming a double helix, with deoxyribose as the sugar.

Question 17

Which of the following is a trace element required for proper function in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Iron (Fe)

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the amphiphilic nature of phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have a polar, hydrophilic phosphate head and nonpolar, hydrophobic fatty acid tails.

Question 19

Which of the following is the main source of chemical energy driving cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

The Chemistry of Life: Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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