Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference in the mechanism of action between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

The nervous system uses chemical messengers that act locally and rapidly, while the endocrine system uses hormones that act at distant sites and more slowly.

Question 2

A hormone is released into the bloodstream and affects target cells throughout the body. This is an example of which type of signaling?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct pairing of hormone and its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone – increases sodium retention by the kidneys

Question 4

Steroid hormones require a transport protein in the blood because:

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble and do not travel easily in the aqueous plasma.

Question 5

Which of the following hormones is NOT released by the anterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 6

A patient is given a drug that blocks all G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in their cells. Which hormone signaling pathway would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

cAMP second messenger system

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why hormones can produce large physiological effects at very low concentrations?

Accepted Answer

Second messenger systems amplify the signal, so a small amount of hormone can trigger a large cellular response.

Question 8

Which hormone is derived from tryptophan and helps regulate circadian rhythms?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 9

Which of the following statements about hormone receptors is correct?

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormones bind to intracellular receptors, forming a hormone-receptor complex that can interact with DNA.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system?

Accepted Answer

It carries tropic hormones directly from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary.

Question 11

A signaling cascade using cAMP as a second messenger is initiated. Which enzyme is responsible for producing cAMP from ATP?

Accepted Answer

Adenylyl cyclase

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of hormone release in response to stress, starting from the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) → Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) → Cortisol

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why the effects of the endocrine system are generally longer-lasting than those of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Hormones circulate in the blood and can affect target cells for a longer period.

Question 14

Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary and acts on the kidneys to promote water reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the specificity of hormone action?

Accepted Answer

Only cells with the appropriate receptor for a hormone will respond to that hormone.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between paracrine and autocrine signaling?

Accepted Answer

Paracrine signals affect nearby cells, while autocrine signals affect the cell that released them.

Question 17

Which of the following hormones is primarily responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the amplification effect in second messenger systems?

Accepted Answer

One hormone molecule can activate many receptors, each producing many second messengers, leading to a large cellular response.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct match between hormone and gland of origin?

Accepted Answer

Insulin – Pancreas

The Endocrine System: Structure, Function, and Major Hormones

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