Textbook Question
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
c. Smooth muscle of the stomach contracts when food enters from the esophagus.
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Ch. 22 The Digestive System
Amerman2nd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136873822
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology26
- Ch. 2 The Chemistry of Life38
- Ch. 3 The Cell55
- Ch. 4 Histology47
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System30
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Tissue36
- Ch. 7 The Skeletal System40
- Ch. 8 Articulations19
- Ch. 9 The Muscular System36
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue and Physiology29
- Ch. 11 Introduction to the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue28
- Ch. 12 The Central Nervous System42
- Ch. 13 The Peripheral Nervous System41
- Ch. 14 The Autonomic Nervous System and Homeostasis31
- Ch. 15 The Special Senses39
- Ch. 16 The Endocrine System42
- Ch. 17 The Cardiovascular System I: The Heart30
- Ch. 18 The Cardiovascular System II: The Blood Vessels43
- Ch. 19 Blood32
- Ch. 20 The Lymphatic System and Immunity45
- Ch. 21 The Respiratory System27
- Ch. 22 The Digestive System27
- Ch. 23 Metabolism and Nutrition7
- Ch. 24 The Urinary System39
- Ch. 25 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis39
- Ch. 26 The Reproductive System10
- Ch. 27 Development and Heredity5
Chapter 22, Problem 22
How does absorption of lipids differ from absorption of carbohydrates and proteins in the small intestine?
a. Lipids are absorbed into a capillary; carbohydrates and proteins are absorbed into a lacteal.
b. Lipids are not absorbed in the small intestine.
c. Lipids are absorbed into a lacteal; carbohydrates and proteins are absorbed into a capillary.
d. They are all absorbed into the same structure.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the basic anatomy of the small intestine: The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption. It contains villi and microvilli, which increase the surface area for absorption. Each villus contains a capillary network and a lacteal (a lymphatic vessel).
Review the absorption process for carbohydrates and proteins: Carbohydrates are broken down into monosaccharides (e.g., glucose), and proteins are broken down into amino acids. These small molecules are water-soluble and are absorbed directly into the capillaries of the villi, where they enter the bloodstream.
Review the absorption process for lipids: Lipids (fats) are broken down into monoglycerides and free fatty acids. These molecules are not water-soluble, so they are packaged into structures called micelles for transport to the intestinal cells. Inside the cells, they are reassembled into triglycerides and packaged into chylomicrons, which are absorbed into the lacteals (lymphatic vessels) rather than the capillaries.
Compare the absorption pathways: Carbohydrates and proteins are absorbed into the capillaries, which transport them to the liver via the hepatic portal vein. Lipids, on the other hand, are absorbed into the lacteals, which transport them through the lymphatic system before they enter the bloodstream.
Identify the correct answer: Based on the differences in absorption pathways, the correct answer is that lipids are absorbed into a lacteal, while carbohydrates and proteins are absorbed into a capillary. This corresponds to option c.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Lipid Absorption
Lipid absorption primarily occurs in the small intestine, where dietary fats are emulsified by bile salts and broken down by pancreatic lipase into fatty acids and monoglycerides. These products then diffuse across the intestinal epithelial cells and are reassembled into triglycerides, which are packaged into chylomicrons and absorbed into the lymphatic system via lacteals.
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04:19
Lipids
Carbohydrate and Protein Absorption
Carbohydrates and proteins are absorbed in the small intestine through different mechanisms. Carbohydrates are broken down into monosaccharides, which are absorbed directly into the bloodstream via capillaries. Proteins are digested into amino acids and small peptides, which are also absorbed into the capillaries of the intestinal villi, entering the bloodstream for distribution.
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04:53Carbohydrates
Lacteals vs. Capillaries
Lacteals are specialized lymphatic vessels found in the intestinal villi that primarily absorb lipids and fat-soluble vitamins, transporting them into the lymphatic system. In contrast, capillaries are small blood vessels that absorb water-soluble nutrients, such as carbohydrates and proteins, directly into the bloodstream, highlighting the distinct pathways for nutrient absorption in the small intestine.
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4:36Introduction to Capillaries
Related Practice
Textbook Question
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
e. During eating, the small intestine exhibits motion in the migrating motor complex pattern.
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Textbook Question
Which of the following occurs/occur during the cephalic phase of gastric acid secretion?
a. Stimulation of gastrin and histamine release
b. Direct stimulation of parietal cells
c. Inhibition of somatostatin release
d. Both a and b are correct
e. All of the above are correct
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