Textbook Question
The most important factor affecting the pH of body tissues is the concentration of:
(a) Lactic acid
(b) Ketone bodies,
(c) Metabolic acids
(d) Carbon dioxide
(e) Hydrochloric acid
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Ch. 27 Fluids & Electrolytes
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew11th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136874089
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology26
- Ch. 2 The Chemical Level of Organization34
- Ch. 3 The Cellular Level of Organization30
- Ch. 4 The Tissue Level of Organization24
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System17
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Structure36
- Ch. 7 The Axial Skeleton11
- Ch. 8 The Appendicular Skeleton17
- Ch. 9 Joints13
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue12
- Ch. 11 The Muscular System28
- Ch. 12 Nervous Tissue18
- Ch. 13 The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes22
- Ch. 14 The Brain and Cranial Nerves20
- Ch. 15 Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System17
- Ch. 16 The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions30
- Ch. 17 The Special Senses16
- Ch. 18 The Endocrine System20
- Ch. 19 Blood31
- Ch. 20 The Heart31
- Ch. 21 Blood Vessels and Circulation29
- Ch. 22 The Lymphatic System and Immunity31
- Ch. 23 The Respiratory System12
- Ch. 24 The Digestive System18
- Ch. 26 The Urinary System31
- Ch. 27 Fluids & Electrolytes32
- Ch. 28 The Reproductive System12
- Ch. 29 Development and Inheritance23
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew11th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136874089Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 26, Problem 5
Calcium homeostasis primarily reflects:
(a) A balance between absorption in the gut and excretion by the kidneys
(b) Careful regulation of the blood calcium level by the kidneys
(c) An interplay between parathyroid hormone and aldosterone,
(d) An interplay among reserves in the bones, the rate of absorption, and the rate of excretion
(e) Hormonal control of calcium reserves in the bones
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the concept of calcium homeostasis, which refers to the regulation of calcium levels in the body to maintain a stable internal environment.
Step 2: Recognize that calcium homeostasis involves multiple organs and processes, including absorption of calcium from the gut, storage and release of calcium from bones, and excretion of calcium by the kidneys.
Step 3: Identify the key hormones involved in calcium regulation, primarily parathyroid hormone (PTH), which increases blood calcium by stimulating bone resorption, increasing gut absorption (indirectly via vitamin D), and reducing kidney excretion.
Step 4: Note that aldosterone is primarily involved in sodium and potassium balance, not calcium regulation, so it is not a main player in calcium homeostasis.
Step 5: Conclude that calcium homeostasis is best described as an interplay among calcium reserves in bones, the rate of absorption in the gut, and the rate of excretion by the kidneys, all regulated hormonally.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Calcium Homeostasis
Calcium homeostasis refers to the body's regulation of calcium levels in the blood and tissues, maintaining a stable concentration essential for functions like muscle contraction and nerve signaling. It involves balancing calcium intake, storage, and excretion to prevent deficiency or excess.
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01:59
Introduction to Homeostasis
Role of Bones in Calcium Regulation
Bones act as a major reservoir for calcium, releasing or storing calcium to help maintain blood calcium levels. This dynamic exchange is crucial, as bones can supply calcium during low blood levels or absorb excess calcium when levels are high.
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03:31Cell Cycle Regulation
Hormonal Control of Calcium Levels
Hormones such as parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin, and vitamin D regulate calcium balance by influencing absorption in the gut, reabsorption in the kidneys, and mobilization from bones. PTH increases blood calcium by stimulating bone resorption and kidney reabsorption.
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3:33Levels of Control in the ANS
Related Practice
Textbook Question
Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus monitor the osmotic concentration of the ECF and secrete _______ in response to higher osmotic concentrations.
(a) BNP
(b) ANP
(c) aldosterone
(d) ADH
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Textbook Question
Write the missing names and molecular formulas for the following reactions between the carbonic acid–bicarbonate buffer system and the bicarbonate reserve.
a. ___
b. ___
c. ___
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Textbook Question
The principal anions in the ICF are:
(a) Phosphate and proteins (Pr⁻)
(b) Phosphate and bicarbonate
(c) Sodium and chloride
(d) Sodium and potassium
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Textbook Question
Changes in the pH of body fluids are compensated for by all of the following except:
(a) An increase in urine output
(b) The carbonic acid–bicarbonate buffer system
(c) The phosphate buffer system
(d) Changes in the rate and depth of breathing
(e) Protein buffers
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Textbook Question
Respiratory acidosis develops when the blood pH is:
(a) Increased due to a decreased blood P𝒸ₒ₂ level
(b) Decreased due to an increased blood P𝒸ₒ₂ level
(c) Increased due to an increased blood P𝒸ₒ₂ level
(d) Decreased due to a decreased blood P𝒸ₒ₂ level
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