Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biochemistry4h 34m
2. Water3h 23m
3. Amino Acids8h 10m
4. Protein Structure10h 4m
5. Protein Techniques14h 5m
6. Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics13h 38m
7. Enzyme Inhibition and Regulation 8h 42m
8. Protein Function 9h 41m
9. Carbohydrates7h 49m
10. Lipids5h 49m
11. Biological Membranes and Transport 6h 37m
12. Biosignaling9h 45m
Review 1: Nucleic Acids, Lipids, & Membranes2h 47m
Review 2: Biosignaling, Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, & PP-Pathway3h 12m
Review 3: Pyruvate & Fatty Acid Oxidation, Citric Acid Cycle, & Glycogen Metabolism2h 26m
Review 4: Amino Acid Oxidation, Oxidative Phosphorylation, & Photophosphorylation1h 48m

1. Introduction to Biochemistry

Carbohydrates

Biochemistry

1. Introduction to Biochemistry

Carbohydrates

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the primary structural difference between starch and cellulose?

Starch is composed of fructose units, while cellulose is composed of glucose units.

Starch is a linear polymer, while cellulose is highly branched.

Starch contains α(1→4) glycosidic bonds, while cellulose contains β(1→4) glycosidic bonds.

Starch is found only in animals, while cellulose is found only in plants.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the structural composition of starch and cellulose: Both starch and cellulose are polysaccharides composed of glucose units, but their structural differences arise from the type of glycosidic bonds connecting these glucose units.

Learn about glycosidic bonds: Glycosidic bonds are covalent bonds that link monosaccharides together. In starch, the glucose units are connected by α(1→4) glycosidic bonds, whereas in cellulose, the glucose units are connected by β(1→4) glycosidic bonds.

Explore the implications of α and β glycosidic bonds: The α(1→4) glycosidic bonds in starch result in a structure that is more flexible and can form helical shapes, making it suitable for energy storage. On the other hand, the β(1→4) glycosidic bonds in cellulose create a rigid, linear structure that is ideal for providing structural support in plant cell walls.

Clarify the branching aspect: Starch can exist in two forms—amylose (linear) and amylopectin (branched). Cellulose, however, is strictly linear due to its β(1→4) glycosidic bonds.

Conclude the primary structural difference: The key distinction lies in the type of glycosidic bonds—starch contains α(1→4) glycosidic bonds, while cellulose contains β(1→4) glycosidic bonds. This difference affects their physical properties and biological roles.