Multiple Choice
Glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples of which type of carbohydrate?
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1. Introduction to Biochemistry
Carbohydrates
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Do sugar molecules provide all the necessary elements required to synthesize the four major types of biological macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids)?
A
Yes, but only in the presence of enzymes.
B
Yes, sugars contain all the elements required for the synthesis of all four macromolecules.
C
No, because sugars only provide carbon and hydrogen, but not oxygen.
D
No, because sugars lack elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus needed for proteins and nucleic acids.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the composition of sugar molecules: Sugar molecules are primarily composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O). These elements are sufficient for synthesizing carbohydrates and lipids but not for proteins and nucleic acids.
Review the elemental requirements for proteins: Proteins require nitrogen (N) for the amino group in amino acids, which sugars do not provide.
Examine the elemental requirements for nucleic acids: Nucleic acids require nitrogen (N) for nitrogenous bases and phosphorus (P) for the phosphate backbone, which are absent in sugar molecules.
Recognize the role of additional sources: To synthesize proteins and nucleic acids, organisms must obtain nitrogen and phosphorus from other sources, such as amino acids, nucleotides, or inorganic compounds.
Conclude that sugars alone are insufficient: While sugars provide carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, they lack nitrogen and phosphorus, making them inadequate for synthesizing proteins and nucleic acids without additional elements.
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