Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biochemistry4h 34m
2. Water3h 23m
3. Amino Acids8h 10m
4. Protein Structure10h 4m
5. Protein Techniques14h 5m
6. Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics13h 38m
7. Enzyme Inhibition and Regulation 8h 42m
8. Protein Function 9h 41m
9. Carbohydrates7h 49m
10. Lipids5h 49m
11. Biological Membranes and Transport 6h 37m
12. Biosignaling9h 45m
Review 1: Nucleic Acids, Lipids, & Membranes2h 47m
Review 2: Biosignaling, Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, & PP-Pathway3h 12m
Review 3: Pyruvate & Fatty Acid Oxidation, Citric Acid Cycle, & Glycogen Metabolism2h 26m
Review 4: Amino Acid Oxidation, Oxidative Phosphorylation, & Photophosphorylation1h 48m

6. Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics

Enzymes

Biochemistry

6. Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics

Enzymes

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following enzymes must all gluconeogenic tissues express in order to carry out gluconeogenesis?

Pyruvate kinase

Hexokinase

Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)

Glucose-6-phosphatase

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Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the process of gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis is the metabolic pathway that generates glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors, such as lactate, glycerol, and amino acids. It primarily occurs in the liver and kidneys.

Step 2: Identify the enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis bypasses the irreversible steps of glycolysis by using specific enzymes. These include pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, and glucose-6-phosphatase.

Step 3: Recognize the role of glucose-6-phosphatase. This enzyme is essential for the final step of gluconeogenesis, where glucose-6-phosphate is converted into free glucose. This step is crucial for exporting glucose into the bloodstream, especially in the liver and kidneys.

Step 4: Compare the listed enzymes. Pyruvate kinase, hexokinase, and phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) are glycolytic enzymes that function in glucose breakdown, not synthesis. These enzymes are not involved in gluconeogenesis and are not required for this pathway.

Step 5: Conclude that glucose-6-phosphatase is the correct answer. It is the enzyme that all gluconeogenic tissues must express to complete gluconeogenesis and release glucose into the bloodstream.